lecture day 5 skeletal system

Functions of the skeletal system

Support, protection, movement, mineral storage and release, blood cell production, triglyceride storage.

Epiphyseal plate

Location where bone growth occurs in children; becomes the epiphyseal line in adults.

Osteoblasts

Bone cells that create new bone matrix and deposit calcium phosphate and collagen fibers.

Osteoclasts

Bone cells that break down bone using digestive enzymes (osteolysis).

Compact bone

Solid bone tissue found alongside the diaphysis, providing structure and support.

Spongy bone

Bone tissue with no osteons, found mainly in the epiphysis, providing strength while reducing weight.

Ossification

Process of turning tissue into bone, primarily involving the transformation of cartilage into bone.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Hormone released when calcium levels are too low (hypocalcemia) to raise calcium levels.

Calcitonin

Hormone released when calcium levels are too high (hypercalcemia) to lower calcium levels.

Trabeculae

The groovy bone structure in spongy bone that allows for nutrient exchange.

Ectopic calcification

Calcium deposition in tissues that are not bone.

Bone remodeling

Process that repairs and maintains bone structure by adjusting to stress and damage.

Endochondral ossification

Process by which bone develops from fetal stages to puberty, focusing on cartilage growth.

Intramembranous ossification

Process of flat bone development, such as in the skull and pelvis.

Osteopenia

Condition characterized by lower bone density, more common in females.

Hypocalcemia

Condition where calcium levels in the blood are too low.

Hypercalcemia

Condition where calcium levels in the blood are too high.

Functions of periosteum

Durable membrane covering bone, with fibrous and cellular layers.

Endosteum

Layer lining the inside of the medullary cavity, containing bone-forming cells.