APUSH American Pageant Ch. 28 Review by Jack_Dugoni3, edited by Ashton Wong

What was the population of the United States in 1900?

What ratio of them was foreign born?

How many immigrants arrived in America from 1900-1914?

76 million;

1:7;

13 million

Who were the new crusaders that would wage war on evils like monopoly, corruption, inefficiency, and social justice?

What was their single battle cry?

"progressives";

"Strengthen the State"

Which two 19th century reformist movements provided a foundation for the development of Progressivism?

The Greenback Labor party and the Populist party

What economic policy, where the government is less involved in the economy, did progressive theorists insist society could no longer afford the luxury of?

"let-alone" (laissez-faire) policy

Who branded "bloated trusts" with stigma of corruption and wrongdoing?

Bryan, Altgeld, and Populists

Who book, written in 1894, was an attack on Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company?

Who wrote it?

Wealth Against Commonwealth;

Henry Demarest Lloyd

What book, written in 1899, assailed the wealthy class?

Who wrote it?

What was it a savage attack on?

"The Theory of the Leisure Class" (1899);

Thorstein Veblen;

"predatory wealth" and "conspicuous consumption"

In Veblen's view, what was the leisure class engaged in that was "making money for money's sake"?

What did he believe the class should've have been engaged in that would be "making goods to satisfy the real needs"?

"business";

"industry"

Whose account/book was a damning indictment of New York slums?

What was his account/book called?

What newspaper was he a reporter for?

What future New York City Police commissioner did he profoundly influence?

Jacob A. Riis;

"How the Other Half Lives" (1890);

"New York Sun";

Theodore Roosevelt

In what books did Theodore Dreiser use his blunt prose to batter promoters and profiteers?

"The Financier" (1912) and "The Titan" (1914)

Name all the Progressivist writers listed in the beginning of the chapter

Lloyd, Veblen, Riis, Dreiser

Which popular Old World political philosophy began to gain strength and inspired European immigrants in America in the 20th century?

Where did the people influenced by the philosophy begin to gain applicable strength at?

Socialism;

ballot box

What philosophy promoted a brand of Progressivism based on Christian teachings?

Social Gospel

Who urged new reforms modeled on European examples like importing policy ideas from Berlin to Baltimore?

University-Based Economists

Which two feminists blazed the way for social justice among women?

Which cities did they do their work in?

Jane Addams (Chicago)

Lillian Wald (New York)

Which aggressive 10 and 15 cent magazines took on the role of exposing social injustice? (name 3)

"McClure's", "Cosmopolitan", "Collier's", and Everybody's

What derogatory title did Roosevelt give to young pugnacious reporters/writers who wrote with zeal of injustices of the time?

Which book did the President draw the name from?

"muckrakers"

"Pilgrim's Progress" by Bunyan

What articles unmasked the corrupt alliance between big business and municipal government?

Who wrote it?

Which female reporter followed his act by publishing her devastating but factual exposé of Standard Oil Company?

What was her father ruined by motivating her to publish it?

Which magazine did the two write for?

"The Shame of the Cities";

Lincoln Steffens;

Ida Tarbell;

oil interests;

McClure's

What trusts did muckrakers roast?

beef trust and "money trust"

What series of articles would cause the writer to make many enemies among his rich associates and cause him to die a poor man?

Who wrote it?

How much did they make through the stock market, but ended up dying a poor man?

Which magazine did he post the articles in?

"Frenzied Finance";

Thomas W. Lawson;

$50 million;

Everybody's

What series of articles boldly charged that seventy five of the ninety five senators did not represent the people but instead railroads and trusts?

Who wrote it?

Who did it impress?

Which magazine did he write for?

How did he die?

"The Treason of the Senate" (1906);

David G. Phillips;

president Roosevelt;

Cosmopolitan;

Shot by deranged young man in 1911

How many blacks were there in America at the turn of the century?

How many lived in the South at the turn of the century?

How many were illiterate?

9 million

90% of them

1/3

What book spotlighted the plight of black people in America?

Who wrote it?

"Following in the Color Line" (1908);

Ray Stannard Baker

What book brought the abuses of child labor to light?

Who wrote it?

"The Bitter Cry of the Children" (1906);

John Spargo

Who reinforced muck-raking attacks on vendors of potent patent medicines?

What magazine did he do so in?

What was his occupation?

Who did he perform experiments on himself with?

What were the vendors of potent patent medicines often spiked with?

Dr. Harvey W. Wiley;

Collier's;

Chief Chemist of Department of Agriculture;

"Poison Squad";

alcohol

Which militarist progressive thrilled to strenuous life?

Which feminist progressive had the goal of abolishing war?

Theodore Roosevelt;

Jane Addams

What were the two chief goals that progressives sought to modernize American institutions?

Use state to curb monopoly power;

improve common person's condition of life and labor

What did progressives favor so that voters could directly propose legislation themselves, bypassing the boss-bought state legislators?

initiative

What device did progressives favor that would place laws on the ballot for final approval by the people, especially laws that had been railroaded through a compliant legislature by free-spending agents of big business?

referendum

What did progressives favor that would enable voters to remove faithless elected officials, particularly those bribed by bosses or lobbyists?

recall

What was the name of the ballot introduced to counteracted boss rule and their bribery?

The Australian ballot

What nickname was given to the Senate because of its members' growing wealth through intimacy with big corporations?

"Millionaire's Club"

What did many states establish in which voters expressed their preferences for the Senate?

Which amendment did this lead to and established the direct election of Senators?

What year was it passed?

primary elections;

The 17th Amendment;

1913

Which phrase did suffragists protest bitterly against that was also protested in the 1700s?

What was their cry in protesting?

"Taxation Without Representation";

"Votes for Women" and "Equal Suffrage for Men and Women"

Which Texas city served as an example for other Progressive-minded cities when it appointed commissions to manage urban affairs?

What system was designed to take politics out of municipal administration?

Galveston;

city-manager system

What lessons did Americans seek from English and German cities?

how to clean up water supplies, light their streets, run their trolley cars

Which governor was the most militant of progressive Republican leaders and successfully fought monopolistic lumber and railroad interests?

What state did he govern?

Which university did he work in close association with experts on a scheme for regulating public utilities?

Robert "Fighting Bob" La Follette

Wisconsin;

Madison State University

Which Republican governor battled the Southern Pacific Railroad?

What state did he govern?

Hiram W. Johnson

California

Which republican governor investigated the malpractices of gas and insurance companies as well as the coal trust?

What state did he govern?

Charles Evans Hughes

New York

What movement was a crucial focus for women's activism exposing middle-class women to the problems plaguing America's cities and offered a side door to public life?

What movement provided an even broader civic entryway for many middle-class women by educating women to improve themselves with poetry and prose?

settlement house movement;

women's club movement

Which authors did literary clubs set aside in order to focus on social issues and current events?

Which of these wrote "Inferno"?

Who suggested to drop the study of "Inferno"?

Henry James, Shakespeare, Dante;

Dante;

President of General Federation of Women's Club

What notion dictated that a woman's place was in the home?

"separate spheres"

What highly spread disease in the 1900s would female progressives attack?

tuberculosis

Which two organizations provided a platform for female activists to agitate for social change?

The National Consumers League (1899);

Women's Trade Union League (1903)

Which two new federal agencies allowed female reformers a stage for social investigation?

What department were these agencies in?

The Children's Bureau (1912);

Women's Bureau (1920);

Department of Labor

Which female became Illinois' first chief factory inspector?

What were they a former resident of?

Which newly founded organization did she take control of?

Florence Kelley;

Jane Addams' Hull House;

National Consumers League

Which landmark Supreme Court case declared protective laws for female factory workers constitutional?

Which attorney led the case?

Muller v. Oregon (1908)

Louis D. Brandeis

Which Supreme Court case invalidated a New York law that established a 10-hour workday for bakers?

In what year did the Supreme Court uphold a 10-hour workday law for factory workers?

Lochner v. New York (1905);

1917

Where would a lethal fire occur where there were locked doors and flagrant violations of fire code that would turn the factory into a death trap?

How many people (mostly young immigrant women) died from the fire or leaping off the 8th/9th story windows?

Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire in New York City;

146

In 1917, how many states put workers' compensation laws on books, providing insurance to workers injured in industrial accidents?

30

What notable ballot would the blowsy "boss" who counted poker chips by night and miscount during the day?

"cemetery vote"

What was the approximate ratio of people to saloon in cities like New York and San Francisco by 1900?

200:1

Which anti-liquor organization, and also the largest women organization of the world, was abbreviated "WCTU"?

Who founded it?

How many women joined to help "make the world homelike"?

Which other organization was a vigorous ally?

The Woman's Christian Temperance Union

Frances E. Willard

1 million

The Anti-Saloon League

At the start of World War I, what percentage of the United States lived in "dry" law (non-alcoholic) territory?

What percentage lived in areas that had outlawed saloons?

50%

75%

Which amendment prohibited the buying, selling, and consuming of alcohol?

Which amendment repealed this amendment?

18th Amendment (1919)

21st Amendment (1933)

What did President Roosevelt demand after being influenced by the Progressive movement?

What were the "three C's" of the program (name all three)?

"Square Deal";

Control of the corporations, consumer protection, and conservation of natural resources

Which state would the Square Deal receive its acid test?

How many coal workers of that state were exploited and began striking as a result?

What were their demands?

Pennsylvania

140,000 (mostly illiterate immigrants)

20% raise, 9-hour workday

Who was a spokesman for the unsympathetic mine owners during the Pennsylvania coal strike?

George F. Baer

What did Roosevelt nickname the mine owners as he was annoyed by the "extraordinary stupidity and bad temper" of them?

"wooden-headed gentry"

What was the end result of the Pennsylvania mine strike?

10% pay raise, 9-hour workday; however, their union was not officially recognized as a bargaining agent

Which new federal department was created in 1903 in response to mounting antagonisms between capital and labor?

How long did it take before it was split into two?

The Department of Commerce and Labor

10 years

What was a new important arm of the cabinet body that was authorized to probe businesses engaged in interstate commerce?

What era did it clear the road for?

The Bureau of Corporations

"trust-busting"

What was created in 1887 to regulate railroads, but would prove inadequate as railroad barons could simply appeal the commission's decisions on rate to federal courts?

Interstate Commerce Commission

What act would allow heavy fines to be imposed both on railroads that gave rebates and the shippers that accepted them?

Which act was more effective as it would expand the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate railroads better?

The Elkins Act (1903);

The Hepburn Act (1906)

According to the book, what became the fighting word in the progressive era?

Trusts

Which corporation did Roosevelt attack to begin his career as a trustbuster/trust smasher in 1902?

Which two financial titans/Napoleon moguls organized it?

The Northern Securities Company

J.P. Morgan and James J. Hill

What did Roosevelt believe the hallmarks of the age were?

Combination and integration

Who was Roosevelt's successor that "busted" more trusts than him?

William Howard Taft

President Roosevelt gave his blessing for which corporation to absorb which other corporation?

Who ran the former?

U.S. Steel to absorb Tennessee Coal and Iron Company;

J.P. Morgan

Which corporation did Taft launch a suit against in 1911, causing TR's reaction to be explosive and cause a split in their relationship?

U.S. Steel

Which novel called for safer canned products, whetting Americans appetite for reform and would encourage Roosevelt to take action?

Which socialist author wrote it?

Which city's lack of sanitation was chronicled?

"The Jungle" (1906)

Upton Sinclair

Chicago

Which act decreed that the preparation of meat shipped over state lines would be subject to federal inspection from corral to can?

What act was designed to prevent the adulteration and mislabeling of foods and pharmaceuticals?

The Meat Inspection Act (1906)

Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)

What was the first act toward conservation of natural resources that allowed for the sale of arid land on the condition that the land would be irrigated within 3 years?

Which act was more successful towards conservation that authorized the President to set aside public forests as national parks?

How many acres of trees were set aside in the 1890s under this act?

The Desert Land Act of 1877;

The Forest Reserve Act of 1891;

46 million

What is the most beautifully named act in the book? (Your question will appear just like this)

The Carey Act of 1894

Which notable conservationist broke important ground before Roosevelt and became the Chief of the federal Division of Forestry?

Gifford Pinchot

Which act authorized the federal government to collect money from public land sales in western states and use the funds for the development of irrigation projects?

Newlands Act of 1902

Which river was the Roosevelt Dam constructed on?

Arizona's Salt River

How much of America's original forests remained standing by 1900?

1/4

How many acres of land did Roosevelt set aside in federal reserves?

How many times more land was this than set aside by his three predecessors?

125 million

3 times

What did Roosevelt ban from the White House in 1902?

Christmas trees

What notable book did city dwellers snap up on that would promote nature over civilization?

Who wrote it?

Call of the Wild (1903);

Jack London

What became the largest youth organization in the United States?

The Boy Scouts of America

What organization was founded by middle-class clubwomen seeking to save wild native birds?

What did they ban to do so?

The Massachusetts Audubon Society (later became national);

plumes

Which organization, founded in 1892, dedicated itself to preserving the wildness of the western landscape?

What dam, built by the city of San Francisco, did they oppose?

Who was their most famous member?

The Sierra Club

The Hetch Hetchy Valley Dam in Yosemite National Park

John Muir

Who said and believed that "wilderness was waste"?

Gifford Pinchot

What two fronts did Roosevelt and Pinchot have to battle against to use the nation's natural endowment intelligently?

greedy commercials interests that abused nature and romantic preservationists

What policy did foresters and engineers develop that allowed them to combine recreation, sustain-yield logging, watershed protection, and summer stock grazing on federal land?

"multiple-use resource management"

What agencies did westerners learn to take advantage of?

Forest Service and Bureau of Reclamation

What was Roosevelt's nickname when he saved the life of a cub?

"teddy bear"

What nicknames were given to Roosevelt after the brief panic of 1907?

What was the panic nicknamed?

"quack", "Theodore the Meddler";

"Roosevelt panic"

Who did Roosevelt accuse of having deliberately engineered the Panic of 1907 to force the government to relax its assault on trusts?

"certain malefactors of great wealth"

Which act responded to the panic of 1907 by authorizing national banks to issue emergency currency backed by various kinds of collateral?

What act did it smooth the way for?

Aldrich-Vreeland Act (1908)

Federal Reserve Act of 1913

Who was Roosevelt's secretary of war that would be chosen to carry out "my policies" in the next presidential election?

How much did they weigh?

What was he called upon to do in Roosevelt's absence?

William H. Taft;

350 pounds;

"sit on the lid"

What party machinery did Roosevelt use to his control to push through Taft's nomination on the first ballot at the Republic convention of 1908?

Where was the convention?

"steamroller";

Chicago

Who was the Democratic candidate in the election of 1908?

Who was the Socialist candidate?

William Jennings Bryan ("Boy Orator")

Eugene V. Debs

What did some of Roosevelt's enemies toast while Roosevelt was in a lion hunt?

What did they hope a lion would do during his lion hunt in Africa?

How old was Roosevelt in 1909?

"Health to the lions";

"do its duty" (kill him);

51

What did one diplomat sarcastically claim that Roosevelt's approximate age was?

6

What did Roosevelt regard socialism as?

"ominous"

What later act, launched by Franklin D. Roosevelt, was the Square Deal the grandfather of?

How were Theodore Roosevelt and Franklin D. Roosevelt related?

The New Deal;

They were 5th cousins

What was Taft's most memorable and notable saying?

"Everybody loves a fat man"