Social Studies Review

Eastern Woodlands Natives, Characteristics of Colonies, and French and Indian War

What areas of NA did the Algonquian-speaking tribes live?

the east coast, from the Carolinas up to Canada, Great Lakes region, New England, and the Upper South, parts of the modern-day Midwestern states of Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Indiana

What areas of NA did the Iroquoian-speaking tribes live?

Centered in Northeast, mostly New York

Where in NA did the Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Seminole live?

In the southern part of the eastern woodlands

What were common characteristics of Eastern Woodland Natives Americans

They practiced agriculture and adapted to their surroundings of woods and rivers

What were the 3 sisters?

Corn, beans, squash

Why is the Iroquois League important to American democracy?

They would vote and make important decisions together as a group, forming the structure the British stole

What’s unique about the Cherokee nation?

They had alphabet and language and had schools , the other tribes didn’t have this

Where in NA did the French start their colonies?

Canada (New France), Great Lakes, down the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers

What were the French Colonists most interested in?(describe the characteristics of the colonies and their relationship with Native Americans)

They wanted economic opportunity through the lucrative fur trade, for the most part the French were friendly and willing to negotiate with the Natives

Where did the British colonies start on NA?

Along the Atlantic coast, from New England in the north to Georgia in the south

What were the British Colonists most interested in?(describe the characteristics of the colonies and their relationship with Native Americans)

They wanted permanent farming settlements and pushed Natives off their land, but they did make some alliances

Where in NA did the Spanish start their colonies?

Florida, the southwest, and Mexico

What were the Spanish Colonists most interested in?(describe the characteristics of the colonies and their relationship with Native Americans)

They wanted wealth and spreading Christianity, they built missions to convert Natives but they were very aggressive about it

What did the 3 sister crops do to help each other?

Corn was bean trellis, Beans fixed nitrogen into the ground, and squash would suppress weeds and retain moisture

Which colonies were originally established by the Puritans?

New England

Which colonies were established as fur trading posts?

French

Which colony had a small number of people but a lot of land?

Southern

Which colonies had the worst Native American relations?

Spanish

Which colonies contained the Quakers, who wanted to establish religious freedom?

Middle

Which colonies consisted mostly of rocky soil and harsh cold?

New England

Which colonies mostly had recruited military and missionaries?

Spanish

Which colonies had recruited fur traders, merchants, and missionaries?

French

Which colonies were established to mainly conquer land, gain wealth, spread Catholicism, and expand their empire?

Spanish

Which colonies were allowed to set up local governments, tax, and set up representative assemblies as long as they didn’t fight the crown?

British

Which colonies had rapid population growth?

British

Which colonies were only able to grow enough for themselves?

New England

Which colonies consisted of large plantations that need lots of workers?

Southern

Which colonies were most respectful to the Native Americans?

French

Which colonies were able to grow cash crops (corn, wheat, fruit)?

Middle

Which colonies grew cash crops (rice and tobacco)?

Southern

Which colonies were originally established for trading and agricultural goods?

Southern & Middle

Which colonies were based off fur trading?

French

Which colonies experienced slow population growth?

French and Spanish

Which colonies had areas originally established for groups to gain religious freedom?

Middle and New English

Which colonies had a relationship with the Native Americans that worsened over time?

British

Which colonies consisted of grain mills for the local economy?

Middle

Which colonies consisted of economy based off fishing, lumber, fur, trading, and shipbuilding?

New England

Which colonies participated in the slave trade?

New England and Southern

Which colonies establish large cash crops for agriculture economy?

Southern and Middle

Which colonies had the most ethically diverse population and best relationships with the Native Americans?

Middle

Which colonies contained very few groups that wanted religious freedom?

Southern

What were the reasons behind the establishment of the Virginia Company of London?

They wanted permanent settlement in America

Why did the English colonists face many challenges in the new world?

They were fully unprepared for the diseases

Who was John Smith and what role did he play in the Jamestown Colony?

He was a leader and established trade with the Powhatan, basically the only food source, but he was seen as a pirate

What was the significance of the John Rolfe’s arrival in the Jamestown Colony?

Brought the tobacco plants to the colony which became the wealth source

How did tobacco become the true wealth of the Jamestown Colony?

It was in high demand to the British and almost everyone was smoking it

Who did John Rolfe marry, what impact did it have?

Pocahontas, Chief Powhatan’s daughter, made peace for Jamestown and allowed expansion

What was the significance of the House of Burgesses?

It was the first European representative body in America and it allowed self government 

What was the Powhatan Empire and how did it affect the Jamestown Colony?

Was a huge Algonquin Native American Empire surround by Jamestown and affected the establishment of trade and peace

What were the reasons why people wanted to come to the English colonies?

Economic opportunity and religious freedom

How did the sense of independence from the king differ from the Native American colonies?

For the king he just wanted to hold his power but the natives wanted to keep there sacred land and lineage

Jumonville

A French officer killed in a skirmish led by George Washington, helped spark the war

Fort Duquesne

A fort built in 1754 to be at the rivers for claim over the trading area, key site for early war fights

Fort Necessity

Fort built by Washington where he was forced to surrender to the French, marking first battle

Governor Dinwiddie

He sent George Washington to the forts and therefore triggered the war, governor of Virgina

Albany Plan of Union (Join or Die)

1754 proposal by Benjamin Franklin wanted unified, centralized government for the thirteen colonies under British rule to better manage their collective defense, Indian relations, and economic interests

Ohio River Valley

The River area where the British and French wanted control for strategy and soil

What was the cause of the French and Indian war?

The French and British/English fighting for control over NA 

How did the did the population growth of the colonies contribute to the conflict

The British wanted to expand west and get more land but the French already establish New France west of try Appalachian Moutains

Which parts of NA did the English control leading into the war

Most of the eastern coast and Hudson Bay in Canada 

Which parts of NA did the French have going into the war

West of the Appalachian Mountains to the Mississippi River, north into Canada and south to the Gulf of Mexico

Why was the Ohio River valley important

It was a strategic trade route and resourceful location for both the British and French knew that 

How did the French and Indian war differ from previous conflicts between the French and British?

Started in NA and went to EU, unlike the others which started in the EU and went to the colonies

Who was George Washington and what role did he play in the war?

He was a young lieutenant colonel ordered by the governor of Virginia to march into the Ohio River valley and protect English claims on land, but he attacked a small French troop, the first shots of the war

How did the British react to Washington’s actions in the Ohio River valley?

They celebrated him and began to organize regular forces sailing to America and started to fight the French

What larger war was the French and Indian war a branch of?

The Seven Years War

Where did most of the battles take place in the French and Indian War?

On the frontier (Western interior of NA near rivers and lakes)

Which Natives fought on the British side

The Iroquois

Which Natives sided with the French?

The Algonquin and Huron

Why did the French have more success than the British early on?

The British didn’t know how to counteract snipers from the French side and the Native snipers and ambushed 

What happened during the Battle of the Monongahela? What death was important?

The British got beaten badly by the French and local tribes, General Braddock was mortally wounded and left Washington in charge 

What was the key to winning the entire Seven Years War, according to William Pitt?

Winning in NA would be the key because it would make a larger empire for the British Empire

Who joined the French right as they began to lose? Why?

Spain joined France and hoped to maintain some of their territories once the war was done

What was the name of the Treaty that ended the French and Indian war?

The Treaty of Pairs 1763

What resulted from the The Treaty of Pairs?

English take over all French territory, the British are broke and must tax colonists, Native tribes were affected by death, hunger, and sickness

Who was Pontiac and what was his goal?

Chief of the Ottawa Tribe, wanted to unite the Eastern Woodland Natives against British expansion because it threatened them, his goal was to get rid of the British

What was the significance and impact of Pontiac’s War?

The native alliance couldn’t get the British off NA, the conflict made the Crown rethink policies, Eastern native tribes were affected with death and illness

What was the impact of the Proclamation Line of 1763?

Issued to improve native relations and paused expansion, the imaginary line was a border, colonists didn’t like the border and set up further conflicts with the British crown