GCSE History- Paper 1 Nazi Germany (1933-1945)

How many seats did the Nazi party have in 1928?

12 seats in Reichstag- 3% of vote

What is proportional representation

% of votes = %of seats

How many seats did the Nazi party have in 1930?

107 seats

How many seats did the Nazi party have in 1932?

230 seats out of 477 in Reichstag

who dies in 1928?

Gustav Streseman

What was the impact of unemployment?

more extremist views such as Nazi or communist

What is communism?

everyone is equal and property is of the state

who were the SA?

Hitler's hired thugs or private army, also known as the Brown Shirts.

What does the SA stand for?

Sturm Abtielung- storm troopers

What did political parties do in the great depression to promote their party?

bread line- free bread, soup kitchens- free soup

What is the name for Weimar era?

Golden Age

How many SA members in 1932?

400,000 members

What did the SA do?

disrupt opposition meetings, control opposition violently, intimidate, marches

What was the Nuremberg Rally?

yearly rally promoting the Nazi party

What were Hitler's beliefs and aims in Mein Kampf?

one strong leader (Hitler), superiority of Aryans, unite all German speaking people in one country, Make Germany powerful

Where did Hitler write Mein Kampf?

Hitler wrote Mein Kampf while serving a prison sentence after the Munich Putsch.

What was Hitler's leadership and charisma?

centerpoint of Nuremburg rally, 'saviour' and 'messiah' Germany, strong leader

How did Hitler's speeches influence?

Very persuasive, inspiring, gave audience a sense of hope

What was Hitler's view of Treaty of Versailles?

Hitler promises to undo the treaty

What were the most important factors for the rise of Nazi party?

Hitler's propaganda, Great depression, the SA

When did Hitler become Chancellor?

30th January 1933 by president Hindenburg

who believed that he could control Hitler as chancellor?

Von Papen; he became vice-chancellor and thought he could control him as chancellor

Who was Chancellor in 1930?

Brüning

who was chancellor in 1932 and replaces Brüning, late becomes vice-chancellor to Hitler?

Von Papen

who was chancellor in november 1932, replaces Von Papen?

Von Schleicher

How many chancellors did Germany have between 1923 and 1933?

9 chancellors in 10 years

What was Hitler's rise to power?

before Hitler became chancellor- before January 30th 1933

What was Hitler's consolidation of power?

After Hitler became chancellor- after January 30th 1933

What was the enabling act (24th march 1933)?

law that allowed Hitler to pass laws for next 4 years without going through Reichstag, passed with 444 votes to 94

How many seats did the Nazi party have in 1933 (March 5th)?

nazi party- 288 seats (43% of vote) + support of national party = majority

What was the Reichstag Fire (27th February 1933)?

Reichstag building set on fire 1 week before election and dutch communist Marinus Van De Lubbe found on the scene and arrested

What was the Decree for the Protection of People and State (28th February 1933)?

law that banned the allowed the Nazis to arrest and imprison communist party members

What happened on May 2nd 1933?

Hitler banned all trade unions and created a Nazi trade union; the German Labour Front (DAF)

What happened on July 14th 1933?

Hitler bans all parties except the Nazis and makes Germany a one party country (dictatorship)

three chancellors before Hitler

Brüning, Von Papen, Von Schleicher

What did the DAF stand for?

Deutsche Arbeitsfront (german Labour Front)

What was the Night of the Long Knives (30th of June 1934)

Hitler removes all opponents to his power and consolidates his power by killing 200 SA leaders including Ernst Rohm, Von Kahr, Von Schleicher

Who was Von Kahr

Bavarian minister, Betrayed Hitler before Putsch only to be forced into Munich Putsch

What did Hitler create to replace the SA?

Schutzstaffel (protection squad)- The SS

Who was Ernst Rohm?

Leader of the SA, former friend of Hitler, killed on the Night of the Long Knives, homosexual

What does 'Fuhrer' mean?

ultimate leader

What happens to Hitler when Hindenburg dies?

Hitler has no opposition to power and declares himself 'Führer'

When did Hindenburg die?

August 1934

How many members of the SA in 1933?

2.5 million members

What was the German army size in 1934?

100,000 men, no submarines, no tanks, no airforce, 6 battleships only

How many were unemployed in 1939?

302,000 unemployed (invisible unemployed)

Who were the invisible unemployed?

unemployed not counted in official figures by Nazis such as jews and women

What were the Nazi's methods for reducing unemployment

invisible unemployed, public works programme, national labour service(RAD), rearmament, taking people off the unemployment register, conscriptiopn

What was public works programme

Nazi programme where they built autobahns (motorways), schools, hospitals and railway.

What is rearmament?

new battleships, new tanks, new planes; this boosted national pride

What are autobahns?

german name for motorways with 2500 miles built by the Nazis.

What is the National Labour Service (RAD)?

Compulsory for all men 18-25 to work for 6 months to work in the public works programme.

How much did farmers income increase between 1933 to 1936?

farmers income increase by 41% from 1933 to 1936

how were farmers supported after 1936?

Farmers were not supported after 1936, as the Nazis prioritised military technology instead.

How successful was the public works programme?

they reduced unemployment to only 35,000 of 25 million in 1939

what happened to people who refused to work?

they were sent to labour camps

What happened to the invisible unemployed?

They were forced out of their jobs

What was 'Strength Through Joy'?

A programme which gave prizes for workers who have performed well, such as holidays, theatre groups, and gym classes, however the prizes often didn't arrive or was cancelled last minute.

What was the the Volkswagen Scheme?

Scheme introduced in 1938 that gave workers the opportunity to buy a new car, however by 1939 no worker ever received the car.

What was the Hitler Youth?

youth programme for boys between 14-18, with 90% of 14 year old boys in 1939.

What were Hitler youth activities?

military drills, hiking, physical activites

Who were the Little fellows (pimpfen)?

The young children version of the Hitler Youth

What was the League of German Maidens?

Youth groups for girls aged 14-18

What were activities in the League of German Maidens?

preparations for motherhood and domestic duties

When was membership made compulsory for children age 10+ in the Hitler Youth and League of German Maidens?

1936

Young girls league

Young version of League of German Maidens for girls aged 10-14

What percentage of teachers sacked in 1933 for refusing to teach Nazi ideologies

20% teachers sacked

What is eugenics?

teaching of races

what were textbooks rewritten to?

They were rewritten to fit Nazi views

What percentage of teachers were Nazi party members in 1937?

97% of teachers in 1937

What is indoctrination?

to brainwash

What changes were made to the school curriculum from the Nazis?

Lessons started with a Nazi salute, PE lessons increased to 3 doubles per week to prepare boys for war.

What happened to all other youth groups?

They were all banned except for the Hitler youth and League of German maidens

What did lessons start with?

Lessons start with the Nazi salute and 'Heil Hitler'

What did all teachers have to do?

Swear an oath of loyalty to Hitler and join the Nazi Teachers' League (NTL)

When were jews not allowed to attend school?

1938

Who were the Edelweiss Pirates?

A youth group who rebelled against the Hitler Youth by handing out anti-Nazi leaflets and graffitied the streets with anti-nazi message

Who were the Swing Youth?

Young people who danced and listened to Jazz music from the USA which was banned, they also dressed in fashion banned by the Nazis.

How many female teachers in 1933

100,000 teachers

How many female doctors in 1933?

3,000 female doctors

When did WW1 end?

11am, 11th November, 1918

What is Kinder, Kirche, Kuche?

Children, Church and Kitchen. These were the 3 things expected of German women,

What was banned by the Nazis for women?

abortion and contraception, smoking, being a judges and lawyers (1936)

What was introduced for women by the Nazi's

marriage loans- 1000 marks loaned but did not have to be payed back if they had kids, award system for having children- 8 for gold, 6 or 7 for silver and 4 or 5 for bronze, the minimum expectation for women was 4 kids.

How many members of the Riechstag were female in 1933?

1 in 10

What were employers encouraged to do?

hire men

what was the increases in marriages from 1932 to 1939?

516,000 to 772,000 form 1932 to 1939

what happened to the birth rate?

they rose in the early 1930s but declined towards the late 1930s

What were the Nuremberg Laws (1935)

laws that classified jewish people base on wether their grandparents were Jewish aryan. People with 3 or jewish grandparents were known as 'Juden', people with 1 or 2 jewish grandparents were known as 'mischling' and people with all aryan grandparents were known as 'pure aryan'

What was the concordat (1933)?

agreement between the nazis and the catholic church to respect each other.

Who were the Aryans?

people seen as the 'master race' and were 'pure german blood' who had blond hair and blue eyes.

Who were the Untermenschen?

people known as 'subhuman' or 'the undesirables' to the Nazis, such as non-aryans, jewish people, the disabled, those who didn't work, homosexuals and political opponents.

What was Kristallnacht?

"Night of Broken Glass," when Nazis attacked Jews throughout Germany

How many homosexuals were arrested and sent to concentration camps?

15,000

When was the boycott of Jewish shops?

April 1933, where the Nazis attacked and boycotted jewish shops, causing them to lose profits

How many antisemitic laws were introduced by the nazis between 1933 and 1945?

2000+ laws

what happened to antisemitic laws in 1938?

they were increased and Jews were not allowed to own radios, bikes, typewriters, business, go to cinemas, attend state schools, etc.

What triggered kristallnacht?

A young jewish student kills a German diplomat in Paris

How many were killed on kristallnacht?

91

When was Kristallnacht?

November 1938