BMS175: Topic 1: Integumentary system

What is the heaviest and largest organ of the integumentary system?

Skin

What protein makes the skin surface hard to break?

Keratin

What are the three layers of hair?

Medulla, cortex, cuticle

What is the main function of the dermis?

Connective tissue supporting the skin, containing cells and matrices like collagen and elastin.

What is the hypodermis primarily composed of?

Fat (adipose tissue) and connective tissue.

What are the two types of sweat glands?

Eccrine and apocrine.

What skin layer is primarily responsible for thermoregulation?

Dermis.

What phase comes after the hemostasis phase in skin wound healing?

Inflammatory phase.

What type of skin lesion is characterized as a flat area less than 1cm in diameter?

Macule.

Which type of dermatitis is often triggered by chemical or physical agents?

Irritant contact dermatitis.

What is the primary skin lesion that may develop as a consequence of a primary lesion?

Secondary lesion.

What is a common type of benign skin epithelial lesion caused by human papillomavirus?

Wart (verrucae).

What defines the process of maturation and remodeling in skin wound healing?

Reorganization of collagen fibers and strengthening of the scar.

In terms of skin cancer, which is considered the most common?

Basal cell carcinoma.

What characterizes squamous cell carcinoma?

Arises from keratinocytes in the outer layers of the epidermis and may metastasize.

What is the condition where keratinocytes become hyperproliferative and infiltrated by T lymphocytes?

Psoriasis.

What are the symptoms of atopic dermatitis?

Pruritus, dryness of skin, skin thickening, and hyperpigmentation.

What is a common complication of diabetes affecting the skin?

Ulcers.

What is the primary mechanism of action of TNF-α in contact dermatitis?

Promoting inflammation in response to irritants.

What do you call a skin lesion characterized by a filled vesicle greater than 1cm in diameter?

Bulla.

What defines the term 'neoplasia'?

Abnormal growth of cells leading to tumors.

What is a common treatment for superficial basal cell carcinoma?

Cryotherapy.

Where do melanomas typically arise from?

Melanocytes (pigment cells producing melanin).

What are the four main types of melanomas?

Superficial spreading, nodular, lentigo, acral lentiginous.

What is a major risk factor for melanoma development?

Intermittent exposure to UV radiation.

What is the treatment for stage 3 pressure injury?

Full thickness loss with visible subcutaneous fat, may require surgical debridement.

What indicates a stage 2 pressure injury?

Partial thickness loss with exposed dermis and a moist wound bed.

What is the primary symptom of herpes simplex virus infections?

Painful vesicles often located on the lips or genitalia.