war in europe

how many people died in WWII

50-60 million people

How many americans died in WWII

400,000 Americans

allies

china, soviet union, U.S, France, Great Britain

France Leader

Eduard Daladier

Britian leader

Chamberlain and churchill

USSR leader

Stalin

Japan leaders

yamamoto navy tojo

causes of WWII

depression, treaty of Versailles, league of nation no army, allies did not want war

sudetenland

between Germany and czechoslovakia; no military allowed

rhineland

between germany and belgium; no military

Munich pact

chamberlain and daladier met with hitler and came to an "agreement" that would later be broken. Hitler stops keeping Sudetenland and Rhineland.

Appeasement

giving in to aggressor to keep peace

Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact

where Hitler would not attack soviets and soviets would not attack hitler.

Hitler obsessed with

living space and race

lebansraum

thats what hitler called living space

Friedrich Nietzsche

German philosopher that coined the name ubermensch which means over man

Eugenix

ethnic cleansing

Lend Lease Act

U.S sold guns and ships on credit to Britain

Pearl Harbor Date

December 7th, 1941

Reasons Japan bombed Pearl Harbor

U.S cut off trade and urged rest of world to do same. Japan needed those resources

North African Campaign

U.S needed to get North Africa and use it as a launching point into Italy

Tuskegee Airmen

black pilots trained at Tuskegee institute; red tails was nickname

Erwin Rommel

Desert Fox- led the Nazis in North Africa; used fake tanks as a decoy for allied forces

Dwight Eisenhower

supreme allied commander in Europe

Bernard Montgomery

British General led desert rats

George Patton

his forces took over 1.2 million prisoners of war, germans constantly had spies on him, took land size of france

Shell Shock

PTSD

Fox Hole

Dig a hole to not get shot

Tunisia

Allies took back North Africa

Rommel's situation

lost in North Africa and was told to stay and fight but retreated. Heavily shamed for this and went to back to defend Europe

D-Day

June 6th 1944, operation overlord; originally june 4th but bad weather pushed it to june 6th

Phantom Army

a decoy army sent to Calais, the shortest point from France and Britain. No army went here, but allies sent codes that they knew Germans could decipher and tricked them. Patton was sent there.

Beaches of Normandy

Omaha (deadliest) , Utah, Gold, Sword, Juno

Navajo Code Talkers

Navajo natives used a form of their own language and coded it and was never deciphered by the axis powers

Hedgehogs

German defenses during D-Day

Atlantic Wall

A series of defenses in the water trying to keep allies out.

Crickets

Paratroopers used these when to determine if they heard an enemy or ally. It was dark so they needed sound not sight.

Omaha

4,000 deaths first day; bloodiest

Battle of the Bulge

Hitler's last stand; pushed back allied lines

Panzer tanks

german tanks

Battle of Bastogne

battle within battle of the bulge; nazi troops surrounded the city and threatened to bomb it if allies did not surrender. McAuliffe replied to message "nuts." Bad weather kept nazis from being bombed from planes. Once weather cleared allies won.

End of Mussolini

killed by his own people

Hitler's end

married Eva Braun; hitler suicides

V-E Day

victory in Europe Day

black shirts

mussolini private army that marched on rome

Mein Kampf

hitlers book which meant my struggle

Hitler's private army

storm troopers, brown shirts

Spain leader

Francisco Franco

Halie Selassie

Ethiopian emperor, "It is us today, it will be you tomorrow." asked for allied help but did not come

Blitzkreig

military strategy from nazis move fast and quick

Maginot Line

fortifications built along France border

Britain Air Force

Royal Air Force

German Air force

Luftwaffe

Holocaust

murder of 6 million jews; 5 million other people died

Kristallnacht

Nazis were ordered to go around attacking jewish homes, synagogues, and businesses; night of the broken glass

St. Louis Ship

German ship with americans and U.S made sure nobody got off in America

Genocide

killing of an entire population

other inferior groups

mentally ill, old people, physically disabled, homosexuals, black people, Jehovah witness

Hitler's elite nazi

SS, rounded up jewish people and killed them on spot

Ghettos

segregated jewish camps

concentration camp

labor camps, starved them, families separated, crammed into small living spaces

Aushwitz

largest death camp

King Christian X

issued visas to jews to enter portugal

Kellog Briand Pact

war was not to be used as an instrument of national policy

Neutrality acts

kept country out of war; prohibited arms sales and loans to countries at war.

Cash and Carry

allowed warring nations to buy U.S goods as long as they paid cash and shipped using their own ships

Axis Powers

Germany, Italy, Japan Tripartite pact

Selective training and service act

16 million men were registered aged 21-35; 1 million selected

Wendell Willikie

ran as a republican against FDR

Grand Alliance

U.S Britain, USSR

Atlantic Charter

pledged collective security between Britain and U.S

Women's Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC)

women could serve in non combat positions; called the "silliest piece of legislation" by congress

Women's Airforce service Pilots

transported supplies but never served in combat

War production board

decided what companies switched from peacetime production to wartime

victory gardens

people grew food for themselves so there was more for the war.

Manhattan Project

project that created the atomic bombs

Braceros

mexicans that came to america on visa to work while men went to war and were supposed to go back after the war.

A. Philip Randolph

organized march on washington

James Farner

founded congress of racial equality

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)

confronted urban segregation

Marriage

marriage licenses went up 300% because people went off to war

Japanese American Citizens League

pushed government to compensate the people in internment camps.

Convoy

group of ships traveling together for protection

Germany first

allies thought Germany was bigger threat than Japan

Battle of Stalingrad

Nazis march into Soviet Union and win until winter and then they push a counterattack and push them back into Germany.

General Eisenhower

U.S general of operation torch

operation torch

allied invasion of North Africa

Buffaloes

92nd infantry division; won 7 legion of merit awards

chicano unit

141st regimetn and 36th regiment

Japanese Americans

100th regiment hawaiian knows as purple heart battallion; 442nd regiment most decorated unit in U.S history.

Omar Bradley

led ground forces during D-Day

J. Robert Oppenhiemer

scientist in the Manhattan project

Yalta Conference

Roosevelt, Stalin, Churchill meet up to discuss what to do with Germany. Before victory in Europe; Stalin agreed to help in Pacific

Potsdam Conference

same as yalta conference, but Churchill, Truman, and Stalin (After victory in Europe)

United Nations

established a peace keeping body

Mary McLeod Bethune

U.S representative in UN

Nuremberg Trials

24 surviving Nazi leaders put on trial; 12 sentenced to death others prison

Japanese Occupation

General MacArthur stayed in Japan to help them get back on their feet and implement a democratic way of government. MacArthur became beloved in Japan

GI Bill of Rights

bill that aided returning veterans get back to normal life.

Military Power

18th in the world during 1940; 1st in world 1942