Chapter 11

Choose the true statement about to the CNS(Central Nervous System)?

It contains spinal nerves

Contains cranial nerves

It is the efferent pathway

It deals with the set point in homeostasis

The CNS deals with set point in homeostasis

What are the membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord called?

Brainstem

Cerebral Hemispheres

Spinal Cord

Meninges

Meninges are the membranes that protect the braina nd spinal cord

Which of the meninges is the web-like middle layer that contains cerebrospinal fluid?

Pia Mater

Dura Mater

Arachnoid Mater

Arachnoid Mater

Which of the meninges is the inner layer attached to the surface of the brain and spinal cord that nourishes the CNS

Pia Mater

Dura Mater

Arachnoid Mater

Pia Mater

Which of the meninges contains blood vessels and nerves?

Pia Mater

Dura Mater

Arachnoid Mater

Pia Mater

Which of the meninges is the tough outer later and contains epidural space?

Pia Mater

Dura Mater

Arachnoid Mater

Dura Mater

Which of the meninges contains dense connective tissue dural sinuses?

Pia Mater

Dura Mater

Arachnoid Mater

Dura Mater

Where is Cerebrospinal Fluid produced?

The heart

Spinal Cord

Brain ventricles

Brain Stem

The brain ventricles are where the Cerebrospinal fluid is produced (CSF)

Of the 4 Ventricles, which are connected via the Cerebral Aqueduct?

The Lateral Ventricles (1st and 2nd)

Second and Third Ventricles

Third and Fourth Ventricles

First and Fourth Ventricles

The Cerebral Aqueduct connects the 3rd and 4th Ventricles

Of the 4 Ventricles, which are connected via the Interventricular Foramina?

The Lateral Ventricles (1st and 2nd)

The Lateral and Third Ventricles

Third and Fourth Ventricles

First and Fourth Ventricles

The Lateral and Third Ventricles are connected by the Interventricular Foramina

Where are the Ventricles located?

The spinal cord

In the brain

Front of Brain

Coccyx

Ventricles are located in the center of the SPINAL CORD

What are the specialized capillaries of pia mater that are covered by ependymal cells?

Choroid plexuses

CBF (Cerebrospinal Fluid)

Neurons

Ventricles

The Choroid Plexuses are specialized capillaries of pia mater that are covered by ependymal cells

What is the function of the Choroid Plexuses?

Secrete neurons

Secrete CBF

Metamorphosis

Metabolism

Secrete CBF

Where is CBF absorbed?

Arachnoid Granulations

Skin

Blood

Oxygen

Arachnoid Granulation absorb CBF

Why is CBF in the middle of the brain?

The maintain hydrostasis

To give nutrients

It acts as a membrane

To aid cell division

Cerebrospinal fluid is in the middle of the brain to maintain hydrostasis

Of the brain’s 3 vesicles, which matures to form the cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata?

Forebrain

Midbrain

Hindbrain

Hindbrain

Of the brain’s 3 embryonic vesicles(cavities), which matures to form the cerebrum, basal neuclei, and diencephalon?

Forebrain

Midbrain

Hindbrain

Forebrain

Which part of the Cerebrum is the deep groves that separates the brain?

Sulci

Gyri

Corpus Collosum

Cerebral hemispheres

Fissures

Fissures are the deep grooves that separate the brain parts

Which part of the Cerebrum are the shallow groves on the surface of the brain?

Sulci

Gyri

Corpus Collosum

Cerebral hemispheres

Fissures

The Sulci are the shallow groves on the surface

Which part of the Cerebrum connects the cerebral hemispheres?

Sulci

Gyri

Corpus Collosum

Cerebral hemispheres

Fissures

The Corpus Collosum connects the cerebral hemispheres

Which part of the Cerebrum are the ridges or convolutions on the brain?

Sulci

Gyri

Corpus Collosum

Cerebral hemispheres

Fissures

The Gyri are the ridges or convolutions on the brain

Which part of the Cerebrum are 2 halves separated by falx cerebri?

Sulci

Gyri

Corpus Collosum

Cerebral hemispheres

Fissures

The Cerebral Hemispheres are the 2 halves of the brain

Which half of the Cerebrum is in charge of executing the important functions (ex:reading, writing, rithmatic, and speech)?

Dominant Half

Non-Dominant Half

Dominant Half

Which half of the Cerebrum is in charge of executing the the non-essential functions (ex:dancing, singing, visual patterns)?

Dominant Half

Non-Dominant Half

Non-Dominant Half

Which lobe of the Cerebrum is not named for a bone it is underlying?

Frontal Lobe

Parietal Lobe

Temporal Lobe

Occipital Lobe

Insula/Island or Reil

Insula/Island or Reil does not have a bone with the same name

Which area of the brain is in charge of higher mental fuctions?

Corpus Collosuem

Cerebral Cortex

Pons

Medula Oblongata

The Cerebral Cortex is in charge of executing higher mental functions

Which of the following is not a division of the Cerebral Cortex?

Motor Area

Association Area

Reasoning Area

Sensory Area

The Reasoning Area does not exist as a division of the cerebral cortex

Which of the following lobes of the brain has an association area that functions to understand speech and for using words to express thoughts and feelings?

Occipital Lobes

Temporal Lobes

Parietal Lobes

Frontal Lobes

The Parietal Lobes’- association area functions to understand speech and for using words to express thoughts and feelings

Which of the following lobes of the brain has an association area that functions to carry higher intellectual processes for concentrating, planning, complex problem solves, and judging the consequences of behavior?

Occipital Lobes

Temporal Lobes

Parietal Lobes

Frontal Lobes

the Frontal Lobe- association areas functions to carry higher intellectual processes for concentrating, planning, complex problem solves, and judging the consequences of behavior

Which of the following lobes of the brain has an association area that functions to interpret sensory experiences and remember visual scenes, music, and other complex sensory patterns?

Occipital Lobes

Temporal Lobes

Parietal Lobes

Frontal Lobes

The Temporal Lobes- have association areas that function to interpret sensory experiences and remember visual scenes, music, and other complex sensory patterns

Which of the following lobes of the brain has an association area that functions to combine visual images with other sensory experiences?

Occipital Lobes

Temporal Lobes

Parietal Lobes

Frontal Lobes

The Occipital Lobe- have association areas that functions to combine visual images with other sensory experiences?

Which of the following lobes of the brain has a motor area that functions to control movements of voluntary skeletal muscle? Ex: Frontal eye field and Broca’s

Occipital Lobes

Temporal Lobes

Parietal Lobes

Frontal Lobes

The Frontal Lobes- function to control movements of voluntary skeletal muscle

Which of the following lobes of the brain has a sensory area that is responsible for vision?

Occipital Lobes

Temporal Lobes

Parietal Lobes

Frontal Lobes

The Occipital Lobes- have sensory areas responsible for vision

Which of the following lobes of the brain has a sensory area that functions to provide sensations of temperature, touch, pressure, and pain involving the skin? Ex: coordination & Homonculus

Occipital Lobes

Temporal Lobes

Parietal Lobes

Frontal Lobes

The Parietal Lobes- have a sensory area that functions to provide sensations of temperature, touch, pressure, and pain involving the skin

Which of the following lobes of the brain has a sensory area that is responsible for hearing? Ex: Wernicke’s Area

Occipital Lobes

Temporal Lobes

Parietal Lobes

Frontal Lobes

The Temporal Lobes - have sensory areas responsible for hearing

What does the Basal Nuclei (Basal Ganglia) function to do in the brain?

Controls involuntary movement

Controls involuntary movement and ACh

Provides Protection from infection

Provides Dopamine and controls voluntary movement

The basal nuclei function to provide dopamine and control voluntary movement

What is the textbook definition of memory?

The result of being alive

The combined analysis of multiple forms of stimuli

The consequence of & the persistance of learning

Having active recollection of past events or information

The textbook defines memory as : The consequence of learning and involves the persistence of learning

Which type of memory is neurons connected in a circuit that get stimulation over and over?

Long-term memory

Short- Term memory

Short Term memory

Which type of memory lasts a lifetime, and changes the structure/function of neurons=makes new synaptic connection via increases of branching processes?

Long-term memory

Short- Term memory

Long-Term Memory

What is it called when impulse flow ceases, and a memory enters the long-term memory?

Working Memory

Life-Time Memory

Memory Consolidation

Forgetting

Memory Consolidation

What is it called when there is an increase in neurotransmitter release and effectiveness of synaptic transmission of memory upon repeated stimulation?

Long-Term Potentiation

Life-Time Memory

Memory Consolidation

Action Potential of Memory

The Long-Term Potentiation of memory- is when there is an increase in neurotransmitter release and effectiveness of synaptic transmission of memory upon repeated stimulation

Choose the best two options that show where is the Diencephalon located in the brain?

Surrounding the 3rd Ventricle

Between the Hypothalamus and Temporal Lobe & under the Occipital Lobes

Above the Brainstem & between the Cerebral Hemispheres

Above the Pituitary Gland and Below the Pons

The Diencephalon is located between the Cerebral Hemispheres & above the brainstem

It is also surrounding the 3rd Ventricle

What is a thin layer of gray matter that makes up the outermost layer of all outer lobes of the Cerebrum?

White Matter

Pons

Cerebral Cortex

Chromosomes

The Cerebral Cortex

Which of the following contains almost 75% of neuron bodies in the nervous system?

White Matter

Pons

Cerebral Cortex

Chromosomes

The Cerebral Cortex makes up almost 75% of the neuron bodies in the Nervous system

Which of the following lies underneath the Cerebral Cortex and makes up most of the Cerebrum?

White Matter

Ventricles

Cerebral Cortex

Grey Matter

White Matter lies underneath the Cerebral Cortex and makes up most of the Cerebrum

Which of the following contains bundles of myelinated axons that connect neuron cell bodies in cerebral cortex to other portions of nervous system?

White Matter

Ventricles

Cerebral Cortex

Grey Matter

White Matter- contains bundles of myelinated axons that connect neuron cell bodies in the Cerebral Cortex to other portions of the nervous syetm

Which of the following association areas of the cortex functions to translate sensory information into proper emotional responses?

Frontal Lobe

Parietal Lobe

Occipital Lobe

Insula

Temporal Lobe

The Insula- translates sensory information into proper emotional responses

Your patient informs you that when they went through their last breakup, they made themselves feel better for the first 3 months afterwards due to emotional eating. Which association area of the brain is responsible for this?

Frontal Lobe

Parietal Lobe

Occipital Lobe

Insula

Temporal Lobe

The Insula- translated the sensory information into an emotional response (emotional eating)

Think: Emotions= Limbic System

Which of the following is not an area of the Diencephalon?

Hypothalamus

Thalamus

Hippocampus

Limbic System

The Hippocampus is not a part of the Diencephalon

Which region of the Diencephalon channels impulses to the appropriate part of the cerebral cortex for interpretation (i.e. 1st gateway for sensory impulses except smell)?

Limbic System

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

The Thalamus

Which region of the Diencephalon maintains homeostasis (i.e. blood pressure, heart rate, temperature) and links the nervous system to the endocrine system?

Limbic System

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

The Hypothalamus

Which region of the Diencephalon Controls emotions and behavior oriented towards survival (fight or flight)?

Limbic System

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

The Limbic System

What connects the Brain to the Spinal Cord & contains parts so important that any trauma to this area is fatal?

Pons

Midbrain

Brainstem

Medulla Oblongata

The brainstem

Which part of the Midbrain is the centers for visual and auditory reflexes?

Red Nucleus

Corpora Quadrigemina

Cerebral Peduncles

Cerebral Aqueduct

The Corpora Quadrigemina- centers for visual and auditory reflexes

Think: you have 2 eyes and 2 ears= 4

Which part of the Midbrain connects the 3rd to the 4th Ventricle?

Red Nucleus

Corpora Quadrigemina

Cerebral Peduncles

Cerebral Aqueduct

The Cerebral Aqueduct

Which part of the Midbrain is the main motor pathways that connects the cerebrum to lower portions of the nervous system?

Red Nucleus

Corpora Quadrigemina

Cerebral Peduncles

Cerebral Aqueduct

The Cerebral Peduncles = Motor

Which part of the Midbrain is the role in postural reflexes and skeletal muscle activity?

Red Nucleus

Corpora Quadrigemina

Cerebral Peduncles

Cerebral Aqueduct

The Red Nucleus

Which of the following is the TRUE function of the Pons?

Relays impulses from Hypothalamus to Thalamus

Is located between Medulla Oblongata and Brainstem

Regulates the rhythm of breathing

Regulates the blood pressure

Pons Regulate the rhythm of breathing

Think: Rhythmically going in and out= VERY MUCH IMPORTANT FOR LIFE

Which area of the Brain Stem contains cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory control centers? For example: blood pressure and overall respiratory function, and sneezing

Pons

Medulla Oblongata

Midbrain

The Medulla Oblongata

Which area of the Brain Stem contains non-vital reflex control centers? For example: coughing, sneezing, swallowing, vomiting

Pons

Medulla Oblongata

Midbrain

The Medulla Oblongata

In the Hypothalamus, which of the following causes sleep due to decreased activity & filters sensory information?

Pons

Reticular Formation

Reticular Activating System

Cerebral Cortex

Both the Reticular Formation and Reticular Activating System

Which of the following lies inferior to the Occipital Lobes & coordinates skeletal activity?

Cerebrum

Cerebellum

Pons

Hypothalamus

The Cerebellum

Think : Cerebellum = Red Nucleus = Skeletal Movement = Posture

What connects both hemispheres of the Cerebellum?

Corpus Colloseum

Brainstem

Vermis

Medulla Oblongata

The Vermis connects the 2 hemispheres of the Cerebellum

What connects both hemispheres of the Cerebrum?

Corpus Colloseum

Brainstem

Vermis

Medulla Oblongata

The Corpus Colosseum= connects both hemisphere of the Cerebrum

When looking at a chart of brain waves, which type shows that someone is awake?

Beta Waves

Theta Waves

Alpha Aves

Delta Waves

Alpha Waves activity shows when a person is awake

When does a person experience the highest amount of brain activity?

During Rest

While Awake

While Moving

When Asleep

A person has the highest amount of brain activity while ASLEEP

How are spinal nerves grouped? According to the:

Amount of nerves present in the grouping

Type of nerves present

Position located from superior to inferior

Level of vertebra they are associated with

Spinal Nerves are grouped according to THE LEVEL OF VERTEBRA THEY ARE ASSOCIATED WITH

Which portion of the Spinal Cord is the tapering region below the lumbar enlargement?

Causa Equina

Filum Terminale

Conus Medullaris

Lumbar Enlargement

Cervical Enlargement

Conus Medullaris

Which of the following is the interpretation of what you are feeling?

Perception

Sensation

Sensation

Which of the following stages of slepe is where you have irregular vital signs and increased brain activity?

Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3

Stage 4

Stage 4 Sleep= because of REM Sleep= Also called Paradoxical Sleep

Which of the following stages of sleep is where you have restful and dreamless sleep with slow waves and reduced blood pressure?

Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3

Stage 4

Stages 1-3

Which of the following is not a part of the CNS?

Cranial Nerves

Spinal Nerves

BOTH

NEITHER

Neither of them are part of the CNS. Cranial and Spinal Nerves are part of the Peripheral Nervous System

Think= Peripheral = Branching out = Nerves Branch out from Command Center (brain) to rest of body

Where do we find interneurons?

Brain

Spinal Cord

Afferent

Efferent

In Spinal Cord because of REFLEXES

Reflexes do not need the brain

Where would you find the impulse that goes into the brain or spinal cord?

Receptor

Motor Neuron

Sensory Neuron

Interneuron

Effector

Sensory Neuron- the impulse from receptor that goes into the brain or spinal cord

Where would you find a muscle or gland producing a reflex?

Receptor

Motor Neuron

Sensory Neuron

Interneuron

Effector

Effector

Where would you find an impulse going out of the brain or spinal cord?

Receptor

Motor Neuron

Sensory Neuron

Interneuron

Effector

Motor Neuron

Where would you find a specific type of internal or eternal change being percieved?

Receptor

Motor Neuron

Sensory Neuron

Interneuron

Effector

Receptor

Which type of reflex behavior is polysynapic and prevents/limits tissue damage by removing limb from painful stimulus?

Withdrawal Reflex

Crossed Extensor Reflex

Monosynaptic Reflex

Withdrawal Reflex

Which type of reflex contains one synapse int eh spinal cord and helps maintain upright posture?

Withdrawal Reflex

Crossed Extensor Reflex

Monosynaptic Reflex

Monosynaptic Reflex

Which type of reflex contracts flexors on the affected side and extensors on the opposite side are inhibited at the same time? Ex: Shifting Body Weight

Withdrawal Reflex

Crossed Extensor Reflex

Monosynaptic Reflex

Crossed Extensor Reflex

Think: antagonist, prime mover, etc

Which of the following muscles are relaxing during flexion of your arm?

Biceps Brachii

Triceps Brachii

Brachialis

Brachioradialis

The Triceps are relaxing because it is functioning as the antagonist

Which of the following muscles are contracting during flexion of your arm?

Biceps Brachii

Triceps Brachii

Brachialis

Brachioradialis

Biceps Brachii

Brachialis

Brachioradialis

ALL ARE Synergist muscles= MOVERS

Which of the following neural tissue coverings is loose cover individual axons?

Endoneurium

Perineurium

Epineurium

Endoneurium (endo=inner=deep)

Which of the following neural tissue coverings surround fascicles?

Endoneurium

Perineurium

Epineurium

Perineurium (Think= Peri=Surrounding)

Which of the following neural tissue coverings is dense and surrounds a group of fasciles?

Endoneurium

Perineurium

Epineurium

The Epineurium (think: Epi=above=shield=needs to be tough)

Which part of the brain exerts the most control over the Autonomic Nervous System?

Thalamus

Frontal Cortex

Hypothalamus

Limbic System

Hypothalamus

Think: Homeostasis= Hypothalamus=ANS

Which function of the ANS is incorrect

a-Maintains homeostasis AND controls visceral activities

b-Regulates Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

c-Functions with conscious effort

d-Is an Efferent part of the PNS

c-the Autonomic NS does NOT function consciously

a-is correct bc think visceral=visera=organs

b- correct bc smooth muscle, cardiac(the heart), and glands, need to function automatically and subconsciously

d-correct bc efferent conveys the message to the effector(muscle/gland/organ)

Which division of the Autonomic Nervous System is associated with fight or flight?

Sympathetic NS

Parasympathetic NS

Sympathetic NS

Which division of the Autonomic Nervous System activates under stressful situations and require the most energy?

Sympathetic NS

Parasympathetic NS

Sympathetic NS

Which division of the Autonomic Nervous System is associated with Rest and Digest (Feed/Breed) activities?

Sympathetic NS

Parasympathetic NS

Parasympathetic NS

Which division of the Autonomic Nervous System is active under non-stressful situations?

Sympathetic NS

Parasympathetic NS

Parasympathetic NS

Which part of the Autonomic NS is activated if the patient took Cocaine?

Sympathetic NS

Parasympathetic NS

Sympathetic NS- Think: fight or flight= pupils dialated= increased BP and HR

Which part of the Autonomic NS is activated if the patient takes Marijuana?

Sympathetic NS

Parasympathetic NS

Parasympathetic NS- Think: Rest& Digest= Decreased BP=Decreased HR=Dupils Constricted

Of the Sympathetic Division of Fibers, which of the following pass through collateral ganglia to synapse there?

Preganglionic fibers

Postganglionic fibers

Preganglionic fibers

Of the Sympathetic Division of Fibers, which of the following pass through ganglia and extend to adrenal medula?

Preganglionic fibers

Postganglionic fibers

Postganglionic fibers

Which type of NS has a post-ganglionic effect relating to Gastrointestinal?

Sympathetic NS

Parasympathetic NS

Somatic

Autonomic

Parasympathetic NS- THINK: rest and digest

Which type of NS has a post-ganglionic effect relating to Cardiac?

Sympathetic NS

Parasympathetic NS

Somatic

Autonomic

Sympathetic NS- Think: increased BP and HR

Which type of NS releases Cholinergic Neurons in its postganglionic fibers ?

Sympathetic fibers

Parasympathetic fibers

Somatic fibers

Autonomic fibers

Parasympathetic fibers- THINK: CHOLINergic=AcytlCHOLINe=released at rest

Which type of muscle is affected most by the Autonomic Nervous System?

Cardiac Muscle

Adrenal Muscle

Skeletal Muscle

Smooth Muscle

Smooth Muscle- THINK: Autonomic= controlled without effort = muscles/glands/heart functions

Which type of NS releases Adrenergic Neurons in its postganglionic fibers ?

Sympathetic fibers

Parasympathetic fibers

Somatic fibers

Autonomic fibers

Sympathetic fibers- Think: ADRENergic=ADRENaline=fight or flight