Chapter 14. Psychological disorders

Psychological disorders

Clincally significant disturbance in cognition, emotion regulation and behavoir

• Bipsychosocial Approach

• Use DMS-5

Generalized Anxiety disorder

general feelings of anxiety, not tied to a specific object or event

panic disorder

characterizd by short term intense panic attacks

Phobias

• under anixety disorders

• Intense, irrational fears of specific objects or situations; can also encompass more general fears

Post traumatic stress disorder

Stems from uncontrollable, unpredictable danger

Symptoms

• re-experience event 

• psychic numbing 

• increasing arousal 

Obsessive compulse diroder

A type of anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted, persistent thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions).

• over activiity in orbial frontal cortex 

• messages of fear 

major depression: emotions, behavoirs and physical changes

Emotional symptoms: thoughts of death, tearfulness, apathy, hopelessness

Behavoirs: apathy, extreme fatigue 

Physical: Chages in eating and sleeping 

Depression correlates

biological: low norepinephrine & serotonn 

Women diagnosed 2X more than men 

Bipolar disorders

Manic depressive disorder; alteration of mania and depression

• mania

• abnormally high state of exhiliration

Correlates of biopolar disorder

Biological: excess of serotonin and norepinephrine

Dissociative identify disorder

True split and development of separate parts / personalities

• 2 or more distinct & alternating personalities

Schizophrenia

Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, inapprpriate emotional responses

• posititve and negative symptoms

Personality disorders

Generally 3 clusters

• antisocial personality disorder

• Avoidant personality disorders

• Schizoid personality disorders

Antisocial personality disorder (APD)

Sociopath = Psychopath

• maladaptive behavoirs

• may be able to function in society

• have no conscience or morality

• do not show signs of fear or respond to fear in other

• process emotional words at slower speeds

• may be charming

• do not respond to punishment

Related disorders to APD

Narcissism: inflated importance and selfish behavoir 

Histrionic personality disorder: involves dramatic and attention seeking behavior 

Avoidant personality disorder

Involves anxiety and sensititivity to rejection

May desire attachment but fears rejection

Schizoid personality disorder

Indivudal may not show affection towards others 

person may be socially distant 

Unlike avoidant, the schizoid may not want to be close to others