AP Statistics Unit 1 Flashcards

2023 AP Exam

variable

characteristic that varies

categorical variable

values that have cateogry names or labels

examples of categorical variables

dominant hand, age group, highest degree earned

quantitative variable

numerical values for measured or counted quantities

examples of quantitiative variables

age of a structure, height, concentration of a substancefre

frequency table

number of cases falling in each category

relative frequency table

proportion of cases falling in each category

rates, relative frequency, and percentage are the

same

counts and relative frequency can serve as

valuable context or evidence in a data set

bar charts

represents the frequencies (counts) or proportions through the height of bars

bar charts compare two data sets with the

same categorical variable

discrete variable

countable data in which the number of values maybe finite or infinite

continous variable

infinite noncountable values

histogram

quantitative representation in which the height of the bar represents the numbers or proportion of values falling in the specified interval

stem-and-leaf plot

quantitative representation in which each data value is split into a “stem” (first digits) and a “leaf” (last digit)

dotplot

quantitative representation in which each value is a “dot”, and the dot’s position on the plot represents its magntitude

culmulative graph

quantitative representation which portrays the number or proportion of data less than or equal to a given number

what are four ways to describe the distribution of a quantitative variable?

shape, center, variability (spread), and unusal factors

outlier

unusually large or small data values relative to the other data

postiive skew (skew right)

right tail is longer than the left

negative skew (skew left)

left tail is longer than the right

symmetric

left tail mirrors the right

unimodal

one main peak

bimodal

two prominent peaks

uniform

no prominent peaks=

gap

a region with no observed data

clusters

concentrations of data that are usually separated by gaps

do descriptive statistics attribute sample characteristics to the larger population?

no

descriptive statistics are the basis for

conjectures and further testing

what types of representation are used with categorical data?

frequency tables, relative frequency tables, and bar charts

what types of representation are used with categorical data?

histograms, stem-and-leaf plots, dotplots, and culmulative graphs