Earthquakes review

S wave

second waves to arrive; can only travel through solids

P wave

fastest of the seismic waves; can travel through solids and liquids

Wave that travels by compressing and stretching

P wave

Wave that travels by up and down motion

S wave

Slowest of the seismic waves

surface waves

type of wave that originate at the epicenter

surface wave; different types include rayleigh and love waves

stress

force acting on crustal rocks that causes rock to be deformed; when the stress is greater than the stranger in the rocks that’s what causes movement of the earth

compression

type of stress; decrease material volume (squeezes)

tension

type of stress; pulls material apart

shear

type of stress; different parts of material movies in different directions

strain

deformation of material in response to stress

Elastic deformation

caused when material is compressed bent, or stretched; occurs under low stress, rock returns to original state when stress is gone

plastic deformation

strain that produces permanent deformation; causes faults and elastic rebounds or the release of strain energy as rocks move along fault