Chemistry- inorganic qualitative analysis

Test for ammonium ion

Add NaOH warm, test with damp red litmus. Litmus turns blue

Test for copper ion

add NaOH, a blue precipitate forms.

test for Fe 2+ ion

Add NaOH and a green precipitate forms which can oxidise to brown in the air

test for Fe3+ ion

Add NaOH and a brown precipitate forms.

test for calcium ion

Add NaOH and a white precipitate forms, insoluble in excess

test for zinc ion

add NaOH, white precipitate forms, dissolves in excess NaOH

Flame test for lithium ion

crimson red

flame test for sodium ion

yellow

flame test for potassium ion

lilac

flame test for calcium ion

brick red

flame test for copper ion

blue-green

test for carbonate ion

add dilute acid, produces effervescence

Test for sulfate ion

add barium chloride and HCl, produces white precipitate of barium sulfate

test for chloride ion

add silver nitrate and HN03, produces white precipitate of silver chloride

test for bromide ion

add silver nitrate and HNO3, produces cream precipitate of silver bromide

test for iodide ion

add silver nitrate and HNO3, produces yellow precipitate of silver iodide

test for s203- ion

add iodine, decolourises

test for nitrate

add NaOH and Aluminium, heat. Ammonia gas produced

Pb2+ and NaOH

white ppt. of Pb(OH)2. Redissolves in excess OH- to [Pb(OH)4]2-

Pb2+ and HCl

forms a white precipitate of PbCl2, which is soluble in hot water.

KI and Pb2+

bright yellow ppt of PbI2

Nacl + H2S04

produces NaHS04 + HCL

steamy fumes of HCl

NaBr + H2SO4

produces NaHSO4 + HBr, releasing steamy fumes of HBr and orange fumes of Br2

NaI and H2S04

forms NaHS04 and HI

steamy fumes of HI, purple fumes of I2, rotten egg H2S smell, yellow solid (S)

test for chloro-alkane

NaOH and AGNO3, white ppt soluble in dilute excess ammonia

test for bromo-alkane

NaOH and AGNO3, forms a cream ppt soluble in excess concentrated ammonia.

test for iodo-alkane

NaOH and AGNO3, forms a yellow precipitate insoluble in concentrated ammonia.

how do you test the difference between the compounds if the ppts look similar

test with ammonia to distinguish between the compounds

reaction between MgI + NaOH

white ppt. insoluble in excess NaOH

reaction between MgI and Pb(NO3)2

bright yellow ppt

Pb(NO3)2 + BaCl/ FeS04

white ppt

FeS04 + NaOH

green ppt, insoluble in excess

FeS04 and BaCl

heavy white ppt