ICTECH Q2

usb port

dc power jack

power indicator

reset

ground pins

analog pins

power pins

signal indicator tx

signal indicator rx

signal indicator l

parts of arduino microcontroller

USB Port

-attached to computer via USB cable

- can upload programs

- alternative power source for microcontroller

DC Power Jack

- runs the microcontroller with 7-12 volts of supply

Power indicator

lights on and off

 indicates power

Reset

resets the running program when pressed

Digital Pins

used to connect all digital I/O components to the microcontroller

1)Digital Pins
2)Pulse with modulation
3)Ground pins
4)AREF

Types of Digital Pins:

0-13

digital pins range

3,5,6,9,10,11,12

pulse with modulation pin numbers

AREF

reference voltage for the analog inputs

Analog Pins

used to connect all analog I/O components to the microcontroller

A0 to A5

Power Pins

used to power a component attached to the microcontroller

1)Output power: 3.3V to 5V
2)Ground pins
3)Vin pins

types of power pins

vin pins

voltage input to the microcontroller when using an external power source

3.3V to 5V

power pins output power

Signal Indicator TX

blinks when transmitting data

Signal Indicator RX

blinks when receiving data

Signal Indicator L

blinks when pin 13 is alternatively turned high and low or on and off

means everything is working correctly

Sensors

used to collect information about the internal state of the robot to communicate with its environment

Sensor key functions:
1)Detection

detection

measurement

signal conversion

sensor key functions

detection

- identify the presence or change in a physical quantity

Measurement

quantify the magnitude or intensity of the detected quantity

Signal Conversion

transform the physical quantity into a measurable signal

to provide output such as display or data analysis

Ex. electrical voltage or current

real-time monitoring

automation and control

data collection and analysis

user interaction and experience

safety and security

saving energy

environmental protection

why use sensors

real-time monitoring

- sensors provide real time data about environmental conditions or system performance

automation and control

allow machines and systems to operate autonomously by detecting changes and triggering appropriate responses

Data collection and analysis

sensors facilitate the collection of data for analysis and decision

Safety and security

sensors designed to enhance safety and security

User interaction and experience

in consumer electronics

Environmental protection

sensors help detect pollutants and changes in ecosystems

enables timely interventions to protect public health and the environment

Saving energy

Automated Lighting Control

Smart HVAC Systems

Motion Detection for Appliances

Data Driven Energy Management

Temperature sensor

controlling HVAC systems in homes and offices

Proximity Sensor

detecting objects

Accelerometer Sensor

screen orientation in smartphones

IR Sensor or Infrared Sensor

remote controls for TV and other devices

Pressure sensor

monitoring tire pressure in vehicles

Light sensor

adjusting screen brightness in smartphones

Ultrasonic sensor

parking assistance in cars

Flow and level sensor

managing water levels in tanks

Smoke, gas, and alcohol sensor

detecting smoke and gas leaks in homes

Microphone or sound sensor

voice recognition in smartphones

Touch sensor

touchscreens on smartphones and tablets

Color sensor

color detection in industrial sorting machines

Humidity Sensor

controlling humidity levels in greenhouses

Magnetic sensor or hall effect sensor

detecting position of rotating objects

Position sensor

tracking the position of machine parts

Tilt sensor

detecting the tilt of gaming controllers

PIR sensor

motion detection in security systems

Strain and weight sensor

weighing items on digital scales

Gyroscope sensor

stabilizing drones during flight

Optical sensor

adjusting lighting in smart homes systems

Capacitive sensor

touchpads on laptops

Piezoelectric sensor

detecting variations in musical instruments

Thermal sensor

temperature control in ovens

RFID sensor

tracking inventory in warehouses

Chemical sensor

monitoring air quality

conditional statement

  - way to control the flow of program

  - let you execute different blocks of code based on whether a certain condition is true or false

  - decision-making tool for arduino

if statement

- most basic conditional statement

  - check condition inside parenthesis

  > True - the code inside the curly braces {} is executed.

> False -  the code is skipped.

if…else.. statement

 - code in the else block is executed if the statement in the if block is false

if…else if…else… statement

 - allows you to check a series of conditions sequentially

- program will execute the code block for the first condition it finds to be true and then skip the rest.

comparison operators

 - symbols used to compare values