Unit 11: French Revolution & Napoleonic Empire

Multiple choice & Map

Battle of Trafalgar

Naval battle in which Napoleon's navy was defeated by a British fleet led by Admiral Horatio Nelson. Kept France from invading England.

Battle of Waterloo

Napoleon Bonaparte's last battle.

Continental System

Blockade designed by Napoleon to hurt Britain economically by closing European ports to British goods; ultimately unsuccessful

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

Document that guaranteed the French citizens' rights to life, liberty, and property..

Elba

Island of Napoleon's first exile

Estates General

An assembly that represented the entire French population through three groups, known as estates; King Louis XVI called this in May 1789 to discuss the financial crises.

First Estate

Made up of the French clergy of the Roman Catholic Church. Paid 1% Income Tax. Owned 10% of French lands. 1% of French population

King Louis XVI

King of France from 1774 to 1792; he was unpopular for high taxes and ignoring France's growing problems. Was imprisoned by the National Assembly and guillotined.

Louisiana Purchase

United States purchased from France for $15 million

Lycee

Government-run public school in France started by Napoleon

Marie Antoinette

Queen of France (as wife of Louis XVI) who was unpopular her extravagance and unwillingness to follow French customs. She was guillotined during the Reign of Terror.

Marie Louise

Napoleon's second wife and other of Napoleon II.

Maximillian Robespierre

Established the Reign of Terror as a member and leader of the Committee of Public Safety

Napoleon Bonaparte

Overthrew The Directory in 1799 and became emperor of France in 1804. Failed to defeat Great Britain and abdicated in 1814. Returned to power briefly in 1815 but was defeated and died in exile.

Napoleonic Code

This was the civil code put out by Napoleon that granted equality of all male citizens before the law and granted absolute security of wealth and private property.

National Assembly

French congress established by representatives of the Third Estate on June 17, 1789, to enact laws and reforms in the name of the French people. Replaced the Estates General

Olympe de Gouges

French writer who wrote a response to The Declaration of the Rights of Man in which she proposed that women should be equals to men. Was beheaded during the Reign of Terror.

Peninsula Campaign

One of Napoleon's mistakes in which he chose to invade Portugal for its naval ports and ignoring the Continental System. As they travelled through Spain, Spanish and British troops using guerrilla warfare killed 300,000 French troops.

Reasons Napoleon sold the Louisiana Territory to America

1) To make the United States stronger

2) To cut his costs in the U.S.

3) To gain money for conquests in Europe.

Reign of Terror

Period during the French Revolution in which the Robespierre-led government executed thousands of political figures and ordinary citizens who were "against the revolution"

Russian Campaign

Napoleon invades Russia to punish it for trading with England. Russians used the scorched earth policy to starve the French Army.French are forced to retreat despite winning the war. Only 10k of 400k French troops survive the campaign.

Saint Domingue

Slave revolt that overthrew the French government in this Caribbean colony.

Second Estate

Made up of the French nobilility. Paid no taxes. Owned 20% of land. 2% of population

St. Helena

Island in the South Atlantic, Napoleon's final exile.

Storming of the Bastille

A prison that housed prisoners of the crown. Contained gunpowder and guns. Stormed after Swiss troops entered France.

Tennis Court Oath

A pledge made by the members of France's National Assembly in 1789, in which they vowed to continue meeting until they had drawn up a new constitution

The Directory

The five-man executive committee that ruled France after Robespierre's execution and prior to Napoleon's coming to power.

The Jacobins

Radical political group of the French Revolution who ruled France during the Reign of Terror and executed the King of France for treason.

Third Estate

Comprised of the bourgeoisie, the workers and peasant farmers. Paid 50% Income Tax, owned no land, 97% of Population

Thomas Jefferson

American President who approved the purchase of the Louisiana Purchase despite heavy unpopularity with American citizens.

France?

B

Italy

E

Spain

C

Portugal

D

Germany

F

England

A

Russia

G

Austria

K

London

1

Paris

8

Lisbon

2

Moscow

6

Vienna

5

North Sea

Z

Atlantic Ocean

W

Mediterranean Sea

R

Baltic Sea

X