Health Assessment Theory : exam 1

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from the Health Assessment Theory lecture.

Holistic Health

An approach to health that encompasses mind, body, and spirit.

Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)

A systematic approach emphasizing the best research available to guide healthcare decisions.

Culturally Competent Care

Healthcare that is respectful of and responsive to the cultural health beliefs and practices of diverse patient populations.

Subjective Data

Information that the patient or caregiver reports, such as symptoms or medical history.

Objective Data

Information that healthcare providers observe or measure, including physical findings and lab results.

Nursing Process

A five-step systematic approach to patient care: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation.

Acculturation

The process by which a person adopts the cultural traits or social patterns of another group.

Social Determinants of Health (SDOH)

Economic and social conditions that influence individual and group differences in health status.

Cultural Competence

The ability to understand, communicate with, and effectively interact with people across cultures.

Health Promotion

Strategies aimed at improving health and preventing disease.

Diagnostic Reasoning

The process of analyzing health data to identify a diagnosis.

Cultural Assessment

The process of evaluating the cultural needs and health beliefs of a patient.

Spiritual Assessment

An evaluation that addresses the spiritual needs and beliefs of a patient.

Communication Techniques

Methods used to enhance the quality and effectiveness of the interview process.

Pain Assessment (PQRSTU)

A method for evaluating pain descriptors: Provocative/Palliative, Quality, Region/Radiation, Severity, Timing, and Understanding.

Functional Assessment

An evaluation of the patient’s ability to perform daily activities and manage care.

Cognitive Development

The progression of learning and intellectual capabilities, which impacts communication skills during interviews.

Standardized Communication (SBAR)

A framework used in healthcare for effective communication: Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation.

Nursing Process

A systematic, patient-centered framework used by nurses to identify, prevent, and treat actual or potential health problems. It is composed of five sequential phases: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADPIE).

What is included in the Diagnosis phase of the nursing process?

Diagnostic reasoning

Diagnosis

Critical thinking

Assessment includes:

Subjective and objective data

Planning

Care plan

Implementation: Smart

S specific

M Measurable

A Appropriate

R Realistic

T Timely

pain assessment : PQRSTU

-provocative (factors that trigger or worsen patients symptoms )

-Quality or Quantity

-Region or radiation

-Severity scale

-Timing

-Understand

SBAR:communication in healthcare

S-situation

B-background

A-assessment

R- recommendation

Dorsa

Back of the hands and fingers

Viscosity

Refers to “Thickness“ of blood

Pulse pressure

Difference between systolic and distolic pressures

Diurnal rhythm

Daily cycle of higher blood pressure in the late afternoon and early evening that lowers in the early morning

Palliaton

Relieving or easing pain or symptoms

Auscultatory gap

Temporary disappearance of sounds during blood pressure measurement that occurs during the end of phase 1 and reappear in phase 2

Peripheral vascular resistance

Opposition to blood flow through the arteries

Pulse

Pressure wave felt in the periphery as a result of blood forced against arterial wall

Stroke volume

Amount of blood pumped by the heart every beat

Orthostatic hypotension

Drop in systolic pressure of >20 mm hg or diastolic blood pressure > 10 have mm hg after changing from a siting to a standing position

assessment techniques

-inspection(looking)

-palpation (feeling)

-percussion (tapping)

-auscultation (listening w stethascope)

stethoscope

bell- listening for murmar in heart / blood pressure

diaphragm- listening to abdomen and lungs

vital signs

-temperature

-pulse

-respirations

-blood pressure

-pain

-oxygen level

normal oral range temperature

35.8-37.3 C ( 96.4-99.1)

normal rectal range temperature

0.7 c - 0.5 c (0.7-1.0 higher than oral )

normal heart rates

1. newborn- 190

2. 1-11 months - 160

3. 2 years- 130

4. 4-6 years - 120

5. 8-12 - 110

pulse force

0=absent

1+= weak , thready

2+ = normal pulsation

3+ = full, bounding

normal respirations

-unlabored

-regular

-automatic

-silent

-relaxed

abnormal respirations

-labored

-shallow

-deep breathing

-retractions in infants

-use of accessory muscles

normal respiratory rates

1 year- 30-40

1 to 2 years- 25-35

2 to 5 years - 25-30

5 to 12 years - 20-25

>12 years - 12-20

systolic blood pressure

pressure during left ventriicle contraction ( fist )

diastolic pressure

pressure when the blood exerts in between each contraction ( open fist)

five factors to determine level of BP

-cardiac output

-vascular resistance

-volume

-viscosity

-elasticity of the vessels

temperature measures

-oral temperature (most convienant , most accurate )

-rectal (most invasive, subtract one degree)

-axillary (least accurate, add one degree)

-tympanic (accurate core temperature

-temporal (easiest way to get babies but subtract one degree )

Neuropathic pain

Pain resulting in damage to nervous system that results in “shooting and stabbing” pains

Normal systolic and diastolic blood pressure for adults

Systolic < 120

Diastolic < 80

PAINAD Scale categories

PAINAD (Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia) includes five observational categories:

1. Breathing (independent of vocalization)

2. Negative vocalization

3. Facial expression

4. Body language

5. Consolability

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Overweight

BMI over 25

BMI>25

Obesity

BMI over 30

BMI>30

Metabolic syndrome

If you have three of these:

-elevated glucose (>100)

-high weight circumference (>102 cm in men and >88cm in women )

-elevated blood pressure

-high density lipoprotein

• elevated triglyceride (TG)

Sacropenia

Have less muscle than fat. *AGE RELATED

Body mass index calculation

Wt(lbs) / height (in)² x 703

Waist to hip ratio

Waist circumference/ hip circumference

Skinfold thickness test

Estimate of body fat stores and indication of obesity or malnutrition

Arterial pressure

the force blood exerts against artery walls as the heart pumps it through the body,