Bio I Honors: Dabdoub- The Endocrine System Quiz 1

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61 Terms

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hormones

what do glands secrete?

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into the bloodstream to target tissues

where do the hormones secreted go?

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endocrine system

helps maintain homeostasis by releasing hormones into the bloodstream and delivers it to a target cell

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glands and hormones

what is the endocrine divided into? (2 parts)

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sense and respond

how does the body maintain homeostasis?

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sense

observe changes in internal and external environment, recognize an imbalance

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respond

make appropriate adjustments

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chemical, behavioral, physiological

what are the three mechanisms for regulating our internal environment/ maintaining homeostasis?

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chemical regulating

hormones

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behavioral regulating

YOU CONTROL, putting on a coat, drinking water when dehydrated

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physiological regulating

DO NOT CONTROl, kidneys conserve water when dehydrated

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hormones

chemical messengers

released from one part of the body

travel through the blood

affect other parts of the body

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lock and key

hormone-key, cells-lock

what are hormone and cells like?

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target cells

cells that have receptors for a particular hormone

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slow and long lasting

what is the speed of the body’s response to hormones?

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insulin and glucagon

what are examples of two antagonistic hormones?

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decreases blood glucose

what does insulin do to blood glucose

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increases blood glucose

what does glucagon do to blood glucose

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maintain homeostasis

what do antagonistic hormones do?

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gland

organ that produces and releases a substance or secretion

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exocrine and endocrine

what are the two types of glands

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exocrine gland

releases secretions through tube-like structure out of the body or directly into the digestive system

do NOT release in the blood

sweat, tears, and digestive enzymes

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endocrine gland

release hormones directly into the blood, which transports the secretions throughout the body to its target

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steriod hormones

lipid made of fats

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steroid hormones

what easily crosses the cell membrane and enters the nucleus

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can change the pattern of gene expression in a target cell

alters gene expression

hormones are powerful and long lasting

what do steroid hormones do?

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freely

how do steroid hormones cross cell membranes?

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nonsteroid hormones

made of protiens

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can’t pass

non steroid hormones generally ________ through the cell membrane of target cells

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binds to receptors on a cell membrane

what do non steroid hormones bind to

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hypothalmus

thermometer of the body

helps regulate your internal environment

controls heartbeat, temperature, blood pH, and blood glucose/ water balance

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pineal gland

regulates sleep

located in the brain

produces the hormone melatonin

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pituitary gland

master gland

produces and secretes growth hormone

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thyroid gland

located in neck

secretions such as thyroxine hormone controls metabolism

calcitonin

goiter- deficiency of iodine, results in swelling of the thyroid

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parathyroid gland

four glands located in the thyroid

parathyroid hormone (PTH) and lowers bone calcium levels and raises blood calcium

PTH and calcitonin are antagonistic

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adrenal glands

situated on top of a kidney

each gland has a n outer portion: adrenal cortex: and an inner portion: adrenal medulla

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epinephrine(adrenaline) in response to stress

what does the adrenal medulla secrete?

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cortisol in response to stress

what does the adrenal cortex secrete?

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pancreas

helps maintain proper blood glucose levels

is both endocrine and exocrine

insulin is released

glucagon is released to stimulate glycogen

glucagon is secreted between meals

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stimulates glucose to be sent to the body’s cells and convert unused glucose to gylcogen

what does insulin stimulate in the pancreas?

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it is released to stimulate stored glycogen to be transformed into glucose again

why is glucagon released?

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glucagon is secreted between meals in response to low blood glucose levels and increases blood glucose levels.

what is glucagon secreted in response to

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diabetes mellitus

can be due to hyposecretion of insulin

affects about 4% of the U.S. population

a fasting blood glucose level above 90-100 is an indicator

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type one diabetes

GENETIC

insulin-dependent

occurs in childhood'

results from underproduction of insulin

controlled with doses of insulin

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type two diabetes

non-insulin dependent diabetes

usually in overweight people

controlled with exercise and diet

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glucose

molecule of food energy

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glycogen

storage form of glucose

stored in liver

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glucagon

hormone that raises blood sugar

produced in pancreas

target is liver

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negative feedback

hormones have opposing/ opposite effects of each other

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positive feedback

process continues uninhibited

ex.oxytocin

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antagonistic hormones

hormones have opposing effect

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growth hormone (GH)

pituitary

growth and development

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melatonin

pineal

sleep patterns

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thyroxine

thyroid

metabolism

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calcitonin

thyroid

lowers blood calcium;raises bone calcium

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parathyroid hormone (PTH)

parathyroid

raises blood calcium; lowers bone calcium

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thymosin

thymus

helps mature t-cells

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epinephrine/ adrenaline

adrenal

fight or flight

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cortisol

adrenal

long-term stress

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insulin

pancreas

lowers blood sugar

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glucagon

pancreas

raises blood sugar