Bio I Honors: Dabdoub- The Endocrine System Quiz 1

hormones

hormones

what do glands secrete?

into the bloodstream to target tissues

where do the hormones secreted go?

endocrine system

helps maintain homeostasis by releasing hormones into the bloodstream and delivers it to a target cell

glands and hormones

what is the endocrine divided into? (2 parts)

sense and respond

how does the body maintain homeostasis?

sense

observe changes in internal and external environment, recognize an imbalance

respond

make appropriate adjustments

chemical, behavioral, physiological

what are the three mechanisms for regulating our internal environment/ maintaining homeostasis?

chemical regulating

hormones

behavioral regulating

YOU CONTROL, putting on a coat, drinking water when dehydrated

physiological regulating

DO NOT CONTROl, kidneys conserve water when dehydrated

hormones

chemical messengers

released from one part of the body

travel through the blood

affect other parts of the body

lock and key

hormone-key, cells-lock

what are hormone and cells like?

target cells

cells that have receptors for a particular hormone

slow and long lasting

what is the speed of the body’s response to hormones?

insulin and glucagon

what are examples of two antagonistic hormones?

decreases blood glucose

what does insulin do to blood glucose

increases blood glucose

what does glucagon do to blood glucose

maintain homeostasis

what do antagonistic hormones do?

gland

organ that produces and releases a substance or secretion

exocrine and endocrine

what are the two types of glands

exocrine gland

releases secretions through tube-like structure out of the body or directly into the digestive system

do NOT release in the blood

sweat, tears, and digestive enzymes

endocrine gland

release hormones directly into the blood, which transports the secretions throughout the body to its target

steriod hormones

lipid made of fats

steroid hormones

what easily crosses the cell membrane and enters the nucleus

can change the pattern of gene expression in a target cell

alters gene expression

hormones are powerful and long lasting

what do steroid hormones do?

freely

how do steroid hormones cross cell membranes?

nonsteroid hormones

made of protiens

can’t pass

non steroid hormones generally ________ through the cell membrane of target cells

binds to receptors on a cell membrane

what do non steroid hormones bind to

hypothalmus

thermometer of the body

helps regulate your internal environment

controls heartbeat, temperature, blood pH, and blood glucose/ water balance

pineal gland

regulates sleep

located in the brain

produces the hormone melatonin

pituitary gland

master gland

produces and secretes growth hormone

thyroid gland

located in neck

secretions such as thyroxine hormone controls metabolism

calcitonin

goiter- deficiency of iodine, results in swelling of the thyroid

parathyroid gland

four glands located in the thyroid

parathyroid hormone (PTH) and lowers bone calcium levels and raises blood calcium

PTH and calcitonin are antagonistic

adrenal glands

situated on top of a kidney

each gland has a n outer portion: adrenal cortex: and an inner portion: adrenal medulla

epinephrine(adrenaline) in response to stress

what does the adrenal medulla secrete?

cortisol in response to stress

what does the adrenal cortex secrete?

pancreas

helps maintain proper blood glucose levels

is both endocrine and exocrine

insulin is released

glucagon is released to stimulate glycogen

glucagon is secreted between meals

stimulates glucose to be sent to the body’s cells and convert unused glucose to gylcogen

what does insulin stimulate in the pancreas?

it is released to stimulate stored glycogen to be transformed into glucose again

why is glucagon released?

glucagon is secreted between meals in response to low blood glucose levels and increases blood glucose levels.

what is glucagon secreted in response to

diabetes mellitus

can be due to hyposecretion of insulin

affects about 4% of the U.S. population

a fasting blood glucose level above 90-100 is an indicator

type one diabetes

GENETIC

insulin-dependent

occurs in childhood'

results from underproduction of insulin

controlled with doses of insulin

type two diabetes

non-insulin dependent diabetes

usually in overweight people

controlled with exercise and diet

glucose

molecule of food energy

glycogen

storage form of glucose

stored in liver

glucagon

hormone that raises blood sugar

produced in pancreas

target is liver

negative feedback

hormones have opposing/ opposite effects of each other

positive feedback

process continues uninhibited

ex.oxytocin

antagonistic hormones

hormones have opposing effect

growth hormone (GH)

pituitary

growth and development

melatonin

pineal

sleep patterns

thyroxine

thyroid

metabolism

calcitonin

thyroid

lowers blood calcium;raises bone calcium

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

parathyroid

raises blood calcium; lowers bone calcium

thymosin

thymus

helps mature t-cells

epinephrine/ adrenaline

adrenal

fight or flight

cortisol

adrenal

long-term stress

insulin

pancreas

lowers blood sugar

glucagon

pancreas

raises blood sugar