Clemson WFB 3000 - Full Taxonomy Guide

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Last updated 3:34 PM on 4/4/25
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59 Terms

1
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Class: Amphibia

Order: Anura

Frogs / Toads

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Class: Amphibia

Order: Anura

Family: Bufonidae

True Toads

- Horizontal pupils

- Parotid glands

- Cranial ridges

<p>True Toads</p><p>- Horizontal pupils</p><p>- Parotid glands</p><p>- Cranial ridges</p>
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Class: Amphibia

Order: Anura

Family: Hylidae

Treefrogs / Chorus Frogs

- Slim waist, long legs

- Toe pads

<p>Treefrogs / Chorus Frogs</p><p>- Slim waist, long legs</p><p>- Toe pads</p>
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Class: Amphibia

Order: Anura

Family: Microhylidae

Narrow-mouthed Frogs

- Short snout, round body, stout legs

- Distinct neck fold

<p>Narrow-mouthed Frogs</p><p>- Short snout, round body, stout legs</p><p>- Distinct neck fold</p>
5
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Class: Amphibia

Order: Anura

Family: Ranidae

North American Water Frogs

- Slim waist, long legs

- Webbed feet

- Smooth skin

<p>North American Water Frogs</p><p>- Slim waist, long legs</p><p>- Webbed feet</p><p>- Smooth skin</p>
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Class: Amphibia

Order: Anura

Family: Scaphiopodidae

North American Spadefoots

- NO cranial ridges

- Vertical pupils

- Distinct "blade" for burrowing

<p>North American Spadefoots</p><p>- NO cranial ridges</p><p>- Vertical pupils</p><p>- Distinct "blade" for burrowing</p>
7
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Class: Amphibia

Order: Caudata

Salamanders / Newts

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Class: Amphibia

Order: Caudata

Family: Amphiumidae

Amphiumas

- AQUATIC

- 4 tiny legs, 1-3 toes per foot

<p>Amphiumas</p><p>- AQUATIC</p><p>- 4 tiny legs, 1-3 toes per foot</p>
9
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Class: Amphibia

Order: Caudata

Family: Cryptobranchidae

Hellbenders / Giant Salamanders

- AQUATIC

- 4 limbs, 4 front toes & 5 rear toes

<p>Hellbenders / Giant Salamanders</p><p>- AQUATIC</p><p>- 4 limbs, 4 front toes &amp; 5 rear toes</p>
10
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Class: Amphibia

Order: Caudata

Family: Proteidae

Waterdogs

- AQUATIC

- 4 limbs, 4 toes per limb

<p>Waterdogs</p><p>- AQUATIC</p><p>- 4 limbs, 4 toes per limb</p>
11
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Class: Amphibia

Order: Caudata

Family: Sirenidae

Sirens

- AQUATIC

- 2 limbs, 4 toes per limb

<p>Sirens</p><p>- AQUATIC</p><p>- 2 limbs, 4 toes per limb</p>
12
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Class: Amphibia

Order: Caudata

Family: Abystomatidae

Mole Salamanders

- TERRESTRIAL

<p>Mole Salamanders</p><p>- TERRESTRIAL</p>
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Class: Amphibia

Order: Caudata

Family: Plethodontidae

Lungless Salamanders

- TERRESTRIAL or SEMI-AQUATIC

- Includes ~70% of all salamanders

- Nasolabial Grooves

<p>Lungless Salamanders</p><p>- TERRESTRIAL or SEMI-AQUATIC</p><p>- Includes ~70% of all salamanders</p><p>- Nasolabial Grooves</p>
14
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Class: Amphibia

Order: Caudata

Family: Salamandridae

Newts

- FULLY or SEMI-AQUATIC

- Rougher skin

- NO Costal Grooves

<p>Newts</p><p>- FULLY or SEMI-AQUATIC</p><p>- Rougher skin</p><p>- NO Costal Grooves</p>
15
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Class: Amphibia

Order: Apoda

Caecilians

- No legs

<p>Caecilians</p><p>- No legs</p>
16
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Class: Reptilia

Order: Squamata

Lizards, Snakes, & Amphisbaenians

17
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Class: Reptilia

Order: Squamata

Sub-Order: Amphisbaenia

Worm Lizards

- Mostly limbless

<p>Worm Lizards</p><p>- Mostly limbless</p>
18
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Class: Reptilia

Order: Squamata

Sub-Order: Autarchoglossa

Alligator lizards, Whiptails, Monitors, Skinks

19
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Class: Reptilia

Order: Squamata

Sub-Order: Autarchoglossa

Family: Anguidae

Glass Lizards / Alligator Lizards

- External ears

- Movable eyelids

<p>Glass Lizards / Alligator Lizards</p><p>- External ears</p><p>- Movable eyelids</p>
20
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Class: Reptilia

Order: Squamata

Sub-Order: Autarchoglossa

Family: Teiidae

Whiptails / Racerunners

- Long, slender bodies

- Whip-like tails

- Long hind legs

- Parthenogenesis: Develops from unfertilized egg

<p>Whiptails / Racerunners</p><p>- Long, slender bodies</p><p>- Whip-like tails</p><p>- Long hind legs</p><p>- Parthenogenesis: Develops from unfertilized egg</p>
21
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Class: Reptilia

Order: Squamata

Sub-Order: Autarchoglossa

Family: Scincidae

Typical Skinks

- Smooth, shiny appearance

- Have claws and scales

<p>Typical Skinks</p><p>- Smooth, shiny appearance</p><p>- Have claws and scales</p>
22
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Class: Reptilia

Order: Squamata

Sub-Order: Gekkota

Gekkos

<p>Gekkos</p>
23
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Class: Reptilia

Order: Squamata

Sub-Order: Iguania

Iguanas, Chameleons, Anoles, & Spiny lizards

24
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Class: Reptilia

Order: Squamata

Sub-Order: Iguania

Family: Dactyloidae

Anoles

- Males have dewlaps and crests

<p>Anoles</p><p>- Males have dewlaps and crests</p>
25
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Class: Reptilia

Order: Squamata

Sub-Order: Iguania

Family: Phrynosomatidae

Spiny, Horned, & Side-blotched Lizards

- Rougher appearance

<p>Spiny, Horned, &amp; Side-blotched Lizards</p><p>- Rougher appearance</p>
26
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Class: Reptilia

Order: Squamata

Sub-Order: Serpentes

Snakes

27
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Class: Reptilia

Order: Squamata

Sub-Order: Serpentes

Family: Colubridae

Harmless Egg-laying Snakes

- Mostly oviparous

- Round pupils

- Non-venomous

<p>Harmless Egg-laying Snakes</p><p>- Mostly oviparous</p><p>- Round pupils</p><p>- Non-venomous</p>
28
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Class: Reptilia

Order: Squamata

Sub-Order: Serpentes

Family: Dipsadidae

Rear-fanged Snakes

- Grooved teeth at back of jaw

<p>Rear-fanged Snakes</p><p>- Grooved teeth at back of jaw</p>
29
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Class: Reptilia

Order: Squamata

Sub-Order: Serpentes

Family: Natricidae

Harmless Live-bearing Snakes

- Either ovoviviparous or viviparous

- Often associated with water

<p>Harmless Live-bearing Snakes</p><p>- Either ovoviviparous or viviparous</p><p>- Often associated with water</p>
30
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Class: Reptilia

Order: Squamata

Sub-Order: Serpentes

Family: Elapidae

Cobras / Coral Snakes

- NEUROTOXIC VENOM

- Mostly oviparous

<p>Cobras / Coral Snakes</p><p>- NEUROTOXIC VENOM</p><p>- Mostly oviparous</p>
31
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Class: Reptilia

Order: Squamata

Sub-Order: Serpentes

Family: Viperidae

Pit Vipers

- MYOTOXIC or HEMOTOXIC VENOM

- Ovoviviparous or viviparous

- Vertical pupils

<p>Pit Vipers</p><p>- MYOTOXIC or HEMOTOXIC VENOM</p><p>- Ovoviviparous or viviparous</p><p>- Vertical pupils</p>
32
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Class: Reptilia

Order: Testudines

Turtles / Tortoises

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Class: Reptilia

Order: Testudines

Family: Chelydridae

Snapping Turtles

- MOSTLY AQUATIC (Freshwater)

- Cannot tuck body into shell

<p>Snapping Turtles</p><p>- MOSTLY AQUATIC (Freshwater)</p><p>- Cannot tuck body into shell</p>
34
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Class: Reptilia

Order: Testudines

Family: Kinosternidae

Mud / Musk Turtles

- MOSTLY AQUATIC (Freshwater)

- Smooth, egg-shaped carapace

<p>Mud / Musk Turtles</p><p>- MOSTLY AQUATIC (Freshwater)</p><p>- Smooth, egg-shaped carapace</p>
35
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Class: Reptilia

Order: Testudines

Family: Emydidae

Box / Water Turtles

<p>Box / Water Turtles</p>
36
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Class: Reptilia

Order: Testudines

Family: Trionychidae

Softshell Turtles

- HIGHLY AQUATIC (Freshwater)

- Flattened

- Leathery shell

<p>Softshell Turtles</p><p>- HIGHLY AQUATIC (Freshwater)</p><p>- Flattened</p><p>- Leathery shell</p>
37
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Class: Reptilia

Order: Testudines

Family: Testudinidae

Tortoises

- TERRESTRIAL

- High, domed shells

- Elephantine limbs

<p>Tortoises</p><p>- TERRESTRIAL</p><p>- High, domed shells</p><p>- Elephantine limbs</p>
38
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Class: Reptilia

Order: Crocodylia

Crocodiles, Alligators, Caimans, & Gharials

39
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Class: Reptilia

Order: Crocodylia

Family: Alligatoridae

Alligators / Caimans

- MOSTLY FRESHWATER

- Broad snout

<p>Alligators / Caimans</p><p>- MOSTLY FRESHWATER</p><p>- Broad snout</p>
40
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Class: Reptilia

Order: Crocodylia

Family: Crocodylidae

Crocodiles

- SALTWATER

- Pointed snout

<p>Crocodiles</p><p>- SALTWATER</p><p>- Pointed snout</p>
41
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Class: Reptilia

Order: Rhynocephalia

Tuataras

- Well-developed parietal eye

- No external ear

- Oviparous

<p>Tuataras</p><p>- Well-developed parietal eye</p><p>- No external ear</p><p>- Oviparous</p>
42
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Class: Aves

Super-Order: Neognathae

Order: Pelecaniformes

Long-legged Wading Birds

- Altricial young

- Long legs & necks

- Specialized bills to eat fish

- Breeding Colonies = Rookeries

<p>Long-legged Wading Birds</p><p>- Altricial young</p><p>- Long legs &amp; necks</p><p>- Specialized bills to eat fish</p><p>- Breeding Colonies = Rookeries</p>
43
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Class: Aves

Super-Order: Neognathae

Order: Charadriiformes

Shorebirds

- Precocial young

- Small/Medium in size

- Long legs, thin bills

- Ground nesting

<p>Shorebirds</p><p>- Precocial young</p><p>- Small/Medium in size</p><p>- Long legs, thin bills</p><p>- Ground nesting</p>
44
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Class: Aves

Super-Order: Neognathae

Order: Galliformes

Upland Game Birds

- Precocial young

- Medium/Large in size

- Blunt wings, short beak

- Meatier than other birds

<p>Upland Game Birds</p><p>- Precocial young</p><p>- Medium/Large in size</p><p>- Blunt wings, short beak</p><p>- Meatier than other birds</p>
45
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Class: Aves

Super-Order: Neognathae

Order: Accipitriformes

Accipiters

- Altricial young

- Dinural

- Short legs, hooked bills

- Sharp, curved talons

<p>Accipiters</p><p>- Altricial young</p><p>- Dinural</p><p>- Short legs, hooked bills</p><p>- Sharp, curved talons</p>
46
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Class: Aves

Super-Order: Neognathae

Order: Falconiformes

Falcons

- Tomial Tooth

- Short neck

- Long, pointed wings

- DO NOT build nests

<p>Falcons</p><p>- Tomial Tooth</p><p>- Short neck</p><p>- Long, pointed wings</p><p>- DO NOT build nests</p>
47
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Class: Aves

Super-Order: Neognathae

Order: Cathartiformes

New World Vultures

- Dihedral wings

- Naked head/neck

- Rough skin

<p>New World Vultures</p><p>- Dihedral wings</p><p>- Naked head/neck</p><p>- Rough skin</p>
48
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Class: Aves

Super-Order: Neognathae

Order: Strigiformes

Nocturnal Birds of Prey / Owls

- Altricial young

- Large, round head & eyes

- Silent flight

<p>Nocturnal Birds of Prey / Owls</p><p>- Altricial young</p><p>- Large, round head &amp; eyes</p><p>- Silent flight</p>
49
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Class: Aves

Super-Order: Neognathae

Order: Columbiformes

Pigeons / Doves

- Altricial young

- Small/Medium in size

- Plump body, short neck, small head

- Always lay 2 eggs

- Specialized crop

<p>Pigeons / Doves</p><p>- Altricial young</p><p>- Small/Medium in size</p><p>- Plump body, short neck, small head</p><p>- Always lay 2 eggs</p><p>- Specialized crop</p>
50
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Class: Aves

Super-Order: Neognathae

Order: Cuculiformes

Cuckoos / Roadrunners

- Small/Medium in size

- Downward curved bill

- Long tails

- Zygodactyl toe arrangement

- Arboreal OR Ground nesting

<p>Cuckoos / Roadrunners</p><p>- Small/Medium in size</p><p>- Downward curved bill</p><p>- Long tails</p><p>- Zygodactyl toe arrangement</p><p>- Arboreal OR Ground nesting</p>
51
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Class: Aves

Super-Order: Neognathae

Order: Caprimulgiformes

Night Birds

- Medium in size

- Nocturnal/Crepuscular

- Long, pointed wings

- Short legs, stout bills

- Ground nesting

<p>Night Birds</p><p>- Medium in size</p><p>- Nocturnal/Crepuscular</p><p>- Long, pointed wings</p><p>- Short legs, stout bills</p><p>- Ground nesting</p>
52
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Class: Aves

Super-Order: Neognathae

Order: Gaviiformes

Loons

- Medium/Large in size

- Straight, dagger-like bills

- Longer bodied

- Dive for prey

<p>Loons</p><p>- Medium/Large in size</p><p>- Straight, dagger-like bills</p><p>- Longer bodied</p><p>- Dive for prey</p>
53
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Class: Aves

Super-Order: Neognathae

Order: Procellariiformes

Petrels / Albatrosses

- Range from small to very large in size

- Pelagic feeders

- Colonial nesting

- Highly philopatric

- Tubular nostrils

<p>Petrels / Albatrosses</p><p>- Range from small to very large in size</p><p>- Pelagic feeders</p><p>- Colonial nesting</p><p>- Highly philopatric</p><p>- Tubular nostrils</p>
54
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Class: Aves

Super-Order: Neognathae

Order: Ciconiiformes

Storks

- Large and Long-legged

- Long necks, stout bills

- Extend neck during flight

<p>Storks</p><p>- Large and Long-legged</p><p>- Long necks, stout bills</p><p>- Extend neck during flight</p>
55
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Class: Aves

Super-Order: Neognathae

Order: Suliformes

Frigatebirds, Anhingas, Cormorants, & Boobies

- Fish-eating waterbirds

- 4 webbed toes

<p>Frigatebirds, Anhingas, Cormorants, &amp; Boobies</p><p>- Fish-eating waterbirds</p><p>- 4 webbed toes</p>
56
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Class: Aves

Super-Order: Neognathae

Order: Coraciiformes

Kingfishers

- Short neck, large head, long bill

- Short legs, weak feet

- Colorful plumage

<p>Kingfishers</p><p>- Short neck, large head, long bill</p><p>- Short legs, weak feet</p><p>- Colorful plumage</p>
57
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Class: Aves

Super-Order: Neognathae

Order: Piciformes

Woodpeckers

- Altricial young

- Zygodactyl feet

- Arboreal

- Cavity nesting

<p>Woodpeckers</p><p>- Altricial young</p><p>- Zygodactyl feet</p><p>- Arboreal</p><p>- Cavity nesting</p>
58
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Class: Aves

Super-Order: Neognathae

Order: Apodiformes

Hummingbirds / Swifts

- Altricial young

- Tiny feet, small legs, long wings

<p>Hummingbirds / Swifts</p><p>- Altricial young</p><p>- Tiny feet, small legs, long wings</p>
59
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Class: Aves

Super-Order: Neognathae

Order: Passeriformes

Perching Birds

- Altricial young

- Mostly small & terrestrial

- Anisodactyl feet

- Hallux = Large flexible hind toe

<p>Perching Birds</p><p>- Altricial young</p><p>- Mostly small &amp; terrestrial</p><p>- Anisodactyl feet</p><p>- Hallux = Large flexible hind toe</p>

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