Nerons, neron firing

what is the building block of nervous system

Neurons

Nerons make up ___

Nerves

Electric charges determine what?

How neurons communicate

What communicates by realizing neurotransmitter

electric charges

In the nervous system Neurons receive what

Sensory info

In the nervous system Where does the sensory info get sent?

spinal cord and brain

after info is sent to spinal cord and brain, what does it become

a reflex or cognition perception

what are the different types of neurons

sensory neurons, inter neurons and motor neurons

sensory neurons are also called what

afferent neurons

Moto neurons are also known as

efferent neurons

where are sensory neurons located

peripheral nervous system

sensory neurons process what

somatosensation ( pain, touch and temperature)

sensory neurons process vison

true

in sensory neurons what helps with hearing

hair cells in ears and nose

Interneurons are located where

The central nervous system

Interneurons perceive what?

Sensations coming in

Motor neurons are located where

peripheral nervous system

Motor neurons do what

Send messages to the muscles and glands

What are effectors?

muscle cells or gland cells that contract movement

what is myasthenia gravis

Auto immune disease

what does myasthenia gravis cause?

Weakness in the voluntary muscles (somatic NS)

Weakness in the voluntary muscles is caused by what?

error in how the nervous signal is sent to muscles

Antibodies do what

Destroy neuron receptors

is the first step to neuron sending a signal?

dendrite receives incoming neurotransmitter

dendrite sends the signal to cell body what happens?

Process of making a neuron fire

The cell body always has a ______ when at rest

negative charge

if this attaches to a dendrite a rush of positive ions flood the cell body

excitatory neurotransmitter

once the neuron has fired from cell body. Where does it go to?

The axon

when neuron is in axon, it reaches the action potential. What is action potential ( all or nothing response)

if there’s enough excitatory it fires, if not does not fire

once action potential is reached, what happens next

myelin sheath

myelin sheath does what

speeds things up

the more fat on myelin sheath =

the faster the signal

how does glial cells help myelin sheath

Provides nutrition for neurons

if Myelin sheath breaks down what does it result in

multiple sclerosis

what is multiple sclerosis

a degenerative disorder that damages myelin

One’s neuron reaches axon terminal what happens

it stores the neurotransmitter

neurotransmitters are released into what after axon terminal

Synapse

The synapse is what

Space between neurons

The neurotransmitter floats to synapse then what

absorbs into dendrites of post synapses

once the neurotransmitter has been absorbed into postsynaptic neuron, where does the rest go?

back to presynaptic neuron

how do neurons communicate?

they connect to nerves and each release NT

how do presynaptic neurons communicate with postsynaptic neurons?

they go through eight steps

neuron starts at resting potential , what is going on at resting potential

the inside is that a negative charge in the outside is at a positive

what is resting potential

-70 MV

neuron firing occurs when what?

Ions move and cell body changes

once neural fires, it arrives at the postsynaptic dendrite it receives the neurotransmitter then what happens

It is released into the synapses

once neurotransmitter is released into synapse it receives what

excitatory neurotransmitter and inhibitory neurotransmitter

the cell body takes both excitatory neurotransmitters and inhibitory neurotransmitters and does what?

adds them up

once the cell body has added them up they must reach what number

-55mv

-55mv is what

the threshold

if neurotransmitter does not meet threshold of -55MV what happens

failed initiation

once threshold has reached what occurs

Depolarization

depolarization causes what

The cell to become more positive

once the polarization has happened what takes place

action potential ( all or nothing)

if the incoming neuron does not reach the threshold of -55MV what takes place

The neon fires or it doesn’t .

all or nothing

Neuron fires from action potential where does it go to?

Terminal branches

once the process of terminal branches has been reached, they go to the synapse and what happens

neurotransmitter is absorbed into dendrite of postsynaptic neuron

The 6th step in neural firing after synapse is what?

Reuptake

what happens in reuptake?

leftover neurotransmitters go through the process of presynaptic neurons reabsorbing left over neurotransmitters

after reuptake what occurs

repolarization

what is repolarization

positive ions are pumped into cell body

after positive ions are pumped into cell body from repolarization what occurs

refractory period