APUSH period 4 vocab

second great awakenings

religious movement that began in the early decades of the 19th century. reaction against the rationalism of the Enlightenment. in the northern states it touched off social reform.

market revolution

starting in the early 19th century, produced vast economic growth, mass produced goods.

thomas jefferson

washington’s first secretary of state. a democrat-republican, he was the nation’s third president from 1801 to 1809.

battle of new orleans

general Andrew Jackson won this in 1815. the war of 1812 had officially ended two weeks earlier, but word had not yet reached the United States.

era of good feelings

term to describe james Monroe’s period as president (1817-1825). the democratic-republican party dominated politics.

jacksonian democracy

the time period 1829 to 1837, also known as the age of common man.

indian removal act

president Andrew Jackson supported this. by 1835 most of the eastern tribes had reluctantly moved to an area in today’s Oklahoma.

romanticism in art and literature

evoked the wonder of the nation’s landscape. the Hudson river school of painters were most prominent.

nullification crisis

in 1832, south carolina passed a resolution forbidding the collection of tariffs in the state. Jackson threatened use of federal troops against south carolina.

elizabeth Cady stanton

a woman’s rights reformer who was not allowed to speak at an antislavery convention.

cotton gin

this machine was invented by Eli Whitney in 1793. it removed seeds from plant fibers.

war hawks

led by henry clay and John c. Calhoun; argued that war with britian was the only way to defend American honor, gain Canada, and destroy american Indian resistance on the frontier.

william Lloyd garrison

advocated the immediate emancipation of slaves without compensation to their owners. he was also the writer of the liberator

lucertia mott

early feminist who advocated for women’s rights and against slavery.

republican motherhood/cult of domesticity

after industrialization occurred women became the moral leaders in the home and educators of children. men were responsible for economic and political affairs.

sectionalism: the north

largely urban population that worked in factories

sectionalism: the south

largely agricultural, mostly cotton from 1830-1850

sectionalism: the west

largely trapping and hunting, citizens lived a secluded life away from others

democratic-republican

favored the common man, weak central government, hated the national bank, was pro-immigration, wanted slow and cautious westward expansion

federalists

favored the wealthy and educated, strong central government, supported the national bank, limited immigration, slow/against westward expansion

national republicans

favored the wealthy and educated, strong central government, supported the national bank, favored internal improvements

whigs

favored the wealthy and educated, strong central government, supported the national bank and internal improvements, limited immigration, slow/against westward expansion; above all else HATED Andrew jackson

impressmet

practice of the British navy of stealing Americans and forcing them into service in the British navy

treaty of ghent

ended the war of 1812, establish status quo antebellum

oliver hazard perry

“we have met the enemy, and they are ours” battle of lake erie

frances Scott key

wrote the star strangled banner at the battle of fort McHenry

monroe doctrine

warning European powers to refrain from seeking any new territories in the Americas

Missouri compromise

an 1820 compromise crafted by henry clay; prohibited slavery in the rest of the Louisiana territory north of latitude 36 30

king andrew

nickname given to president Andrew Jackson when his opponents did not like his use of the vote power

nat Turner rebellion

in 1831, this Virginia slave led a revolt in which 55 whites were killed. in retaliation, whites killed hundreds of African American and put down the revolt

marbury vs madison

established the supreme court’s policy of judicial review

american system

henry clay proposed this to advance the nation’s economy. it consisted of:

• protective tarrifs

• national bank

• internal improvements

the Lowell mill factory

the system that recruited young farm women to work in the textile Mills. they were housed in company dormitories near the mills

seneca falls convention

in 1848 women’s rights ,movement wrote a “deceleration of sentiments” which declared all men and women equal and listed grievances

transcendentalists

they questioned the doctrines of established churches and business practices of the merchant class. mystical and intuitive way of thinking to discover inner self and look for essence of god in nature

trail of tears

in 1838 the US army forced 15,000 Cherokees to leave Georgia and move to Oklahoma. 4,000 Cherokees died on the march

hartford convention (1814)

a meeting was held due to opposition to the war of 1812; some radical federalist in the northeast went to secede from the United States, but that it was rejected

panic 1837

was a result of jackson’s defeat of the national bank

martin van buren

became president after Andrew Jackson, won the election because of Jacksons popularity. was faced with economic troubles

Tippecanoe and Tyler too!

william Henry harrison’s campaign slogan

Tecumseh

he said “they have pushed as from the seas to the lakes, we can go no further” advocated fighting Americans to stop westward progression and renew british alliances

the prophet

advocated relocation rather than fighting Americans westward progression in order to preserve remnants of native cultures

the embargo act of 1807

cut off all US trade with the world, attempting to maintain American neutrality

macon’s bill no.2

allowed the US to trade with either great Britain pr France depending on who recognized American sovereignty and neutrality first

adams-onis treaty

grave the United States Florida in exchange for taking on spain’s $5 million debt to American citizens

old hickory

nickname for Andrew Jackson gained from the battle of new orleans

treaty of 1818

granted the United States join occupation of Oregon with great Britain

Worcester vs Georgia

supreme court case regarding Cherokee rights to land in the unitde states

John Q. Adams

elected in 1824 as a result of a bargain stuck by Henry clay

the tariff of 1828

increased taxes on imported goods to almost 50%; which positively effected American manufacturing

force bill

permitted Andrew Jackson to organize troops to prevent south Carolina from secession

increased voter turnout

• elimination of landownership

• increased news circulation

• increased education/literacy

• changes to candidate selectipn

henry clay

created the tariff of 1833 to solve the nullification crisis, developed the American system, speaker of the house, secretary of state under JQA, whig leaders, leader of the war hawks

Virginia dynasty

thomas jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe

results of the war 1812

• american nationalism

• war heroes

• death of the federalist party