Atom Structure and Behavior in the Periodic Table

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary related to atom structure, periodic table trends, and electron behavior to aid in exam preparation.

Electron

A subatomic particle with a negative charge, found in the outer orbits of an atom.

Nucleus

The central part of an atom, containing protons and neutrons.

Valence Electrons

Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that determine its chemical properties.

Group

A column in the periodic table indicating elements with similar chemical behavior.

Period

A row in the periodic table indicating elements with the same number of electron shells.

Atomic Number

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the type of element.

Lewis Diagram

A representation of an atom's valence electrons around its chemical symbol.

Ions

Atoms that have gained or lost electrons, resulting in a net charge.

Chemical Configuration

The arrangement of electrons in an atom's shells and subshells.

Stable Electronic Configuration

An arrangement of electrons in an atom that results in lower energy and is less likely to react.

Electrons in Shells

Electrons occupy defined orbits, or shells, around the nucleus of the atom.

Reactivity of Nonmetals

Nonmetals tend to gain electrons to achieve a full outer shell, leading to negative charges.

Reactivity of Metals

Metals tend to lose electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration, leading to positive charges.

Noble Gases

Elements in Group 18 that are chemically unreactive due to having full valence shells.

Periodic Trends

Patterns in the periodic table that reflect similarities in chemical behavior among elements.