Electors to the electoral college- the electors then vote for the president
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How are the number of ECV’s decided?
Population + 2
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How many ECVS are needed to win?
270
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in all but 2 states how are ECVS awarded?
“Winner takes all” method- the winner of popular vote takes all the ECV’s
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Who lost the election despite winning the popular vote?
* Al Gore (2000) * Hillary Clinton (2016) won 3 million votes more than Trump
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What do supporters of the electoral college say it preserves?
The voice of minorities and smaller states
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What does the electoral college promote?
A two party system- winner will usually win a majority of popular vote
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In the last 38 elections how many times has the winner won the popular vote?
26 elections
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What does the electoral college require a President to win support from?
Support from a wide variety of states
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What does the Electoral College ensure?
A decisive outcome
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In 2008 and 2012 which states did Obama have to win over to win the election ?
* States that didn’t swing strongly towards the democracts.
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If all states used to system of Maine (district based) in 2000 what would have been the outcome?
Bush would have won even more ECV’s- no better systems that EC
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Why are reforms unlikely to pass?
Smaller states won’t agree on reform as they benefit the most from the system
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What is there no agreement on, preventing electoral reform?
Which system should replace it
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How would you argue against the belief that voters do not care about electoral reform?
2/5 of last elections have resulted in the winner of popular vote losing- reform of electoral college is now discussed in democrat primaries in 2020- appears that republicans have an advantage due to support from smaller states
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What is the fundamental flaw of the electoral College?
The loser can win
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how many more votes would Clinton need in 3 states to win?
78,000 more votes in 3 states to win.
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How many more votes did Clinton win over Trump?
3 million
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Why did Clinton win 3 million more votes yet lose?
She won over big cities by large majorities (however only needed to win popular vote by 1 vote to win)
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How many more votes did Clinton receive in California over the requirement needed to win the ECV’s?
1 million (those votes therefore wasted)
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What does the wining candidate in elections such as 2016 lack in the eyes of the public?
legitimacy
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What is the impact of the “winner takes all system”
It has distorted resulted
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What percentage of the of vote did Clinton win 1996 in comparison to the percentage of Electoral College vote?
49% of vote
70% of electoral college vote (winner’s bonus)
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How many ECVS does California have and how many people does it represent?
55 electoral College votes
Population of 39 million people
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How many ECV’s does Wyoming have and how many people does it represent?
3 Electoral College votes
500,000 population
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If California was to receive ECVS in proportion to its population how many ECVS would it have?
70 ECV’s
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Who does the EC disadvantage ?
Minor parties
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In 1992, what percentage of the vote did Ross Poro win and how many ECVs win?
19% of vote
0 ECVS
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What does the system force candidates to focus on?
Swing states- ignores safe sates
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In how many states, are electors not legally compelled to vote for the candidate that won that state?
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In 2016 how many “faithless” electors were there?
7 (5 for Hillary, 2 for Trump)
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When do faithless electors matter ?
When there is a close Race
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What does the even number of 528 ECVS mean there could be?
A tie
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What is the “automatic plan”
Electors would automatically have to vote for the candidate that wins the popular vote (eg North Carolina)
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What is the difficultly of this “automatic plan” ?
Difficulty In implementing as the constitution is specific about the freedom of electors to choose- should be wise men who can make decisions on behalf on those who are not wise.
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In Maine and Nebraska how are ECVS distributed?
Awarded separately to the winner of each congressional district
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Who could the Maine+Nebraska system give an opportunity to?
Minor parties
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Why may Conservatives/Democrats not favour the Maine/Nebraska system?
Can favour minor parties so not favoured by Larger parties
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In order for the proportional system to work, what would need to change for it to work nationally ?
Every state would need to change their state laws or a constitutional amendment
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What does the proportional system not guarantee ?
Fairness
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In 2012, who would have won if there was the district system of Maine+Nebraska?
Romne (274 votes) despite losing popular vote by 4%
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If we had a direct election, with lots of minor parties what could be the result?
A lack of government with a majority
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What may happen within a direct election?
Smaller states may be ignored.
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What is the national popular vote inter state compact?
* combines ECV and direct election * Individual states will give all their ECV to the winner of the national popular vote
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What do you not need for the National Popular Vote Inter State Compact?
a constitutional amendment- need States representing 270 of ECVS to sign up to it