Rizal

This is a flashcard for Life and works of Rizal

José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda

Full name of the Philippine national hero, José Rizal.

June 19, 1861

moonlit of Wednesday between eleven and midnight Jose Rizal was born in the lakeshore town of Calamba, Laguna

Calamba, Laguna

Birthplace of José Rizal.

Don Francisco Mercado

• born in Biñan, Laguna on May 11, 1818

• studied Latin and Philosophy at the College of San Jose in Manila

• became a tenant-farmer of the Dominican-owned hacienda

• a hardy and independent-minded man, who talked less and worked more, and was strong in body and valiant in spirit

• Rizal affectionately called him “a model of fathers”

Doña Teodora Alonso Realonda

José Rizal's mother, a wealthy and educated woman who was his first teacher.

June 28, 1848

Marriage date of José Rizal's parents, Francisco and Teodora.

Seventh of 11 children

José Rizal's position in his family.

June 22, 1861

Date of José Rizal's baptism.

Father Rufino Collantes

Priest who baptized José Rizal.

Father Pedro Casañas

Godfather of José Rizal.

Ricial

Spanish term meaning a green field or pasture, part of the meaning of Rizal's surname.

Mercado

adopted in 1731 by Domingo Lamco (the paternal great-great grandfather of Jose Rizal) which the Spanish term mercado means ‘market’ in English

Eleven children

Total number of children born to Francisco and Teodora.

Paciano

José Rizal's brother who became a caretaker and joined the Philippine Revolution.

Concepcion

José Rizal's sister who died at the age of three, marking Rizal's first sorrow.

Sa Aking Mga Kabata

José Rizal's first poem written at age eight.

Ophthalmology

Medical specialty that José Rizal pursued to treat his mother's eye condition.

Noli Me Tangere

José Rizal's novel published in 1887, exposing social injustices in the Philippines.

Saint John the Baptist Parish Church, Calamba

Baptism Location

Baptismal Record

Written by Father Leoncio Lopez, a family friend and parish priest of Calamba

Jose

was chosen by his mother who was a devotee of the Christian saint San Jose (St. Joseph)

St. Gervacio y Protacio

Protacio came from a saint whose feast day is June 19

Rizal

from the word ‘Ricial’ in Spanish means a field where wheat, cut while still green, sprouts again

Saturnina “Neneng”

She is the eldest. She became the wife of Manuel Hidalgo of Tanawan, Batangas.

Paciano

• He was the family caretaker.

• After his younger brother’s execution, he joined the Philippine Revolution.

• He retired to his farm in Los Baños where he lived as a farmer.

• He had 2 children by his common-law life (Severina Decena) – a boy and a girl.

The Story of the Moth

made the profoundest impression on Rizal -“died a martyr to its illusions”    

The story taught him about self-sacrifice for a noble cause

Leon Monroy

a former classmate of Rizal’s father became Rizal’s tutor that instructed Jose in Spanish and Latin. He died five months later

Tio Manuel

a husky and athletic man, encouraged Rizal to develop his frail body by means of physical exercises

Tio Gregorio

a book lover, intensified Rizal’s voracious reading of good book

28 September 1862

The parochial church of Calamba and the canonical books, including the book in which Rizal’s baptismal records were entered, were burned.

Paciano

• Immortalized him in Rizal’s first novel Noli Me Tangere as the wise Pilosopo Tasio

• Rizal regarded him as the “most noble of Filipinos”

Narcisa “Sisa”

was known for her resourcefulness and was one of the siblings who helped locate and retrieve José’s remains after his execution. She married Antonio Lopez, a teacher and musician

Olimpia

nicknamed “Ypia”, was close to José and married Silvestre Ubaldo, a telegraph operator. She died during childbirth, deeply affecting José.

Lucia

• married to Mariano Herbosa of Calamba, who was a nephew of Father Casanas 1

• Herbosa died of cholera in 1889 and was denied Christian burial because he was a brother-in-law of Dr. Riza;

Maria

nicknamed “Biang”, married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan. She, too, supported José in his endeavors and was active in family matters.

Concepción “Concha”

Known as “Concha,” she died at a young age, and her death was one of José’s earliest experiences with deep sorrow.

Josefa “Panggoy”

never married and was an epileptic. She was a member of the Katipunan, the revolutionary group, and played an active role in the independence movement.

Trinidad “Trining”

Like Josefa, she was unmarried and a member of the Katipunan. She was the one who received José’s final note, “Last Farewell” or “Mi último adiós,” hidden inside an alcohol stove.

The last sibling of Rizal to die

Soledad

• Nicknamed “Loleng”

• The youngest sibling, was known for her intelligence and independence. She became a teacher and married Pantaleon Quintero.

• Rizal always called her sisters Doña or Señora (if married) and Señorita (if single)  

Saturnina, Paciano, Narcisa, Olimpia, Lucia, Maria, José, Concepción, Josefa, Trinidad, Soledad

Order of Siblings

February 17, 1872
Governor General Izquierdo

Execution date of Gomburza, ordered by ___

Old Paco Cemetery

where sisa found the unmarked grave of jose rizal

Mi Ultimo Adios

a poem rizal wrote on the eve of his death 1896

December 30, 1896

The Death of Jose Rizal

Tio Jose Alberto

studied for eleven years in British school in Calcutta, India and had traveled in Europe inspired Rizal to develop his artistic ability

His mother gathered all the children to pray.

How did Rizal describe his childhood memories involving the Angelus?

Housewife

What was the profession of Maria Rizal?

Juancho

Who was Rizal's teacher in painting?

August 16, 1911

What year did Teodora Alonso Realonda die?

Domingo Lam-co

What is the name of Rizal's paternal ascendant from Amoy, China?

Five

At what age did Rizal begin to make sketches and mold objects?

Lieutenant-General Jose Lemery

the governor general of the Philippines when Rizal was born

principalia

The Rizal family belonged to the ___, a town aristocracy in Spanish Philippines

big native jar, Dominican order

Calamba was named after a _________ -Calamba was a hacienda town which belonged to the _____, which also owned all the lands around it

Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo (In Memory of My Town)

a poem about Rizal’s beloved town written by Rizal in 1876 when he was 15 years old and was student in the Ateneo de Manila

eight

At the age of ___, Rizal wrote his first dramatic work which was a Tagalog comedy

Father Leoncio Lopez

the old and learned parish priest of Calamba, fostered Rizal’s love for scholarship and intellectual honesty

mother

The first teacher of Rizal was his __, who was remarkable woman of good character and fine culture

Maestro Celestino

Rizal’s first private tutor

Maestro Lucas Padua

Rizal’s second tutor

Pedro

the teacher’s son which Rizal challenged to a fight

Andres Salandanan

challenged Rizal to an arm-wrestling match

Juancho

an old painter who was the father-in-law of the school teacher; freely give Rizal lessons in drawing and painting

Jose Guevara

- Rizal’s classmate who also loved painting, became apprentices of the old painter “the favorite painters of the class”- because of his artistic talent

Christmas in 1870

Rizal received a letter from his sister Saturnina, informing him of the arrival of the steamer Talim which would take him from Biñan to Calamba

Night of January 20, 1872, Lamadrid

about 200 Filipino soldiers and workmen of the Cavite arsenal under the leadership of _, Filipino sergeant, rose in violent mutiny because of the abolition of their usual privileges

Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora

were executed at sunrise of February 17, 1872, by order of Governor General Izquierdo

The martyrdom of Gom-Bur-Za

in 1872 truly inspired Rizal to fight the evils of Spanish tyranny and redeem his oppressed people

El Filibusterismo

Rizal dedicated his second novel, ____, to Gom-Bur-Za

Before June, 1872

Doña Teodora was suddenly arrested on a malicious charge that she and her brother, Jose Alberto, tried to poison the latter’s perfidious wife

Antonio Vivencio del Rosario

Calamba’s gobernadorcillo, help arrest Doña Teodora

• After arresting Doña Teodora, the sadistic Spanish lieutenant forced her to walk from Calamba to Santa Cruz (capital of Laguna province), a distance of 50 kilometers

• Doña Teodora was incarcerated at the provincial prison, where she languished for two years and a half

Messrs. Francisco de Marcaida and Manuel Marzan

the most famous lawyers of Manila that defend Doña Teodora

Ateneo Municipal

a college under the supervision of the Spanish Jesuits

Escuela Pia (Charity School)

formerly name of Ateneo, a school for poor boys in Manila which was established by the city government in 1817

June 10, 1872

Rizal accompanied by Paciano went to Manila

Father Magin Ferrando

was the college registrar, refused to admit Rizal in Ateneo for two reasons: (1) he was late for registration (2) he was sickly and undersized for his age

Manuel Xerez Burgos

because of his intercession, nephew of Father Burgos, Rizal was reluctantly admitted at the Ateneo

Father Jose Bech

Rizal’s first professor in Ateneo whom he described as a “tall thin man, with a body slightly bent forward, a harried walk, an ascetic face, severe and inspired, small deep-sunken eyes, a sharp nose that was almost Greek, and thin lips forming an arc whose ends fell toward the chin

A Religious picture

Rizal’s first prize for being the brightest pupil in the whole class

The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexander Dumas

the first favorite novel of Rizal which made a deep impression on him

Universal History by Cesar Cantu

Rizal persuaded his father to buy him this set of historical work that was a great aid in his studies

Dr. Feodor Jagor

• a German scientist-traveler who visited the Philippines in 1859-1860 who wrote Travels in the Philippines

• Rizal was impressed in this book because of (1) ___’s keen observations of the defects of Spanish colonization (2) his prophecy that someday Spain would lose the Philippines and that America would come to succeed her as colonizer

June 16, 1875

Rizal became an interno in the Ateneo

Padre Francisco de Paula Sanchez

• a great educator and scholar, one of Rizal’s professors who inspired him to study harder and to write poetry

• Rizal described this Jesuit professor as “model of uprightness, earnestness, and love for the advancement of his pupils”

• Rizal topped all his classmates in all subjects and won five medals at the end of the school term

March 23, 1877

Commencement Day, Rizal, who was 16 years old, received from his Alma Mater, Ateneo Municipal, the degree of Bachelor of Arts, with highest honors

Marian Congregation

a religious society wherein Rizal was an active member and later became the secretary

Father Jose Vilaclara

advised Rizal to stop communing with the Muse and pay more attention to more practical studies

Father Sanchez

Rizal cultivated his literary talent under the guidance of

Father Lleonart

impressed by Rizal’s sculptural talent, requested him to carve for him an image of Sacred Heart of Jesus

January 5, 1898

Francisco Mercado died in Manila on ___ at the age of 80

Segunda Katigbak

Rizal’s puppy love. She was engaged to Manuel Luz, a townmate, which ended their brief romance.

Leonor Valenzuela

A tall girl from Pagsanjan, Laguna. Rizal sent her love notes written in invisible ink, decipherable only when exposed to a lamp's warmth.

Leonor Rivera

She was Rizal’s sweetheart for 11 years and played a crucial role in keeping him from falling in love with other women during his travels.

Leonor’s mother disapproved of their relationship due to Rizal's status as a known *filibustero* (revolutionary), hiding Rizal’s letters from her. Believing Rizal had forgotten her, Leonor eventually married the Englishman Henry Kipping, whom her mother preferred.

Consuelo Ortiga y Rey:

,lthe daughter of Don Pablo Ortiga, fell in love with Rizal while he frequented their residence in Madrid. Rizal wrote a poem dedicated to her titled “A La Señorita C.O. y R.”.

Rizal did not pursue the relationship further out of loyalty to Leonor Rivera and to avoid hurting his friend Eduardo de Lete, who was also in love with Consuelo

Seiko Usui

O-sei-san was a Japanese woman and the daughter of a samurai. She taught Rizal Japanese art and helped him improve his knowledge of the Japanese language.

Rizal considered staying in Japan and marrying O-Sei-San, but his patriotic mission called him to leave for Europe.

Gertrude Beckett

In London, Rizal stayed with the _ family, where ("Tottie") fell in love with him. She helped Rizal with his painting and sculpture. Rizal eventually left London to avoid deepening their relationship, leaving ___ with a group carving he made of the sisters.

Nellie Boustead

While staying at the residence in Biarritz, Rizal became close to the two sisters. _ was infatuated with Rizal, and their relationship almost led to marriage.

The romance did not culminate in marriage due to religious differences—_ wanted Rizal to convert to Protestantism—and objections from _’s mother about Rizal's profession.

Suzanne Jacoby

While living in Brussels, Rizal met and fell in love with , a woman who lived in the same boarding house. When Rizal left for Madrid,

_ wrote him letters expressing her love and longing for him.

Josephine Brecken

In February 1895, while in Dapitan, Rizal met , an 18-year-old Irish girl who sought Rizal’s medical expertise for her adoptive father, George Taufer. Rizal and _ fell in love.

Rizal proposed to _, but they could not marry in the church because Rizal refused to retract his anti-clerical views. They lived together as husband and wife, and _ gave birth to a stillborn child

A La Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino Youth)

encouraged Filipino youth to develop their talents for the nation.