Energy in Cells: Photosynthesis, Metabolism, and ATP

What are the three main functions of energy in living organisms?

Producing energy from the environment, storing energy, and using energy in a controlled manner.

What is the main source of energy for living organisms?

The sun.

Define metabolism.

Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions in the body, including catabolism and anabolism.

What is catabolism?

The breakdown of materials (food) to release energy.

What is anabolism?

The building of energy molecules (like glucose and ATP) from foodstuff.

Where is energy obtained in plant cells?

In the chloroplasts and mitochondria.

Where is energy obtained in animal cells?

In the mitochondria.

What is the process of photosynthesis?

The process in plants of trapping the sun's energy to build carbohydrates (glucose).

Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis.

6CO2 + 6H2O + light → C6H12O6 + 6O2.

What are the two types of reactions involved in photosynthesis?

Light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions.

What is ATP?

Adenosine Triphosphate, which stores energy in its bonds.

How is energy released from ATP?

ATP is broken down into ADP and phosphate (P), releasing energy.

How is ATP regenerated from ADP?

ADP combines with phosphate (P) to form ATP, trapping energy in the bond.