Survey of US History 2 midterm

Reconstruction

Of the union...

Abraham Lincoln

Wanted to unify the union with the south

Ten-percent plan

10% of a state being in favor of joining back the union they would be allowed. Abraham Lincoln

Wade-Davis Bill

50% + 1 of loyalty to the union. Radical republicans. Abraham lincoln vetoed it.

Andrew Johnson

Vice president, Lincoln dies and he takes control, alcoholic and racist. Wins for the 10% plan, opposed to radical republicans.

Civil Rights Bill

Protects freedom of the slaves and offers a path for former slaves to become citizens

Edwin Stanton

Refused to leave when Johnson fired him

Tenure of Office act

a president cannot fire a member of his cabinet without the consent of the senate

Ulysses Grant

President after Johnson, a lot of corruption

14th Amendment

all persons in the US have equal rights under the law

15th amendment

no obstruction to voting based on race

Nathan Bedford Forrest

Founder of the KKK

Enforcement act

they sent more military to protect the black people to allow them their right to vote

Election of 1876

Samuel Tulden (democrat) vs. Rutherford Hayes (republican) and they received the same amount of electoral votes. Hates won

Bargain of 1877

army troops should be removed from the south forever

Second Industrial Revolution

Occurred because of the civil war and the demand it creates

Transcontinental railroad

Railway extending from coast to coast, allowed movement of goods

Manufacturing utopia

Alexander Hamilton: anyone can become a master in a Bussiness, mass factory of resources makes development easier.

Protective tariff

A tax on imported goods that raises the price of imports so people will buy domestic goods

Rockefeller

oil

Vanderbilt

Raildroad

Carnegie

Steel

Trusts

Huge companies having monopoly over products

United fruit co

Refrigerator on ship and transport fruit from tropical climates. Creation of banana republics

Robber barons

Capitalists in charge of trusts

Huntington and Morgan

Robber barons who left libraries before dying

Graham bell

Allowed telephone in every household, monopoly of telephone

General Electric

Edison obtained funding from Vanderbilt to get electricity in households.

Macys

Department store, able to sell a lot of things to middle class, marketing

John Wanamaker

Played a pipe organ in his department store to serenade people, entertainment and enjoyable

Boom of Immigration from 1880-1913

US is very industrialized, requires more workers in the factories, bring immigrants to do the work

Albert Ballin

Shipowner, makes money by moving immigrants from Europe to U.S., Auswandererhallen

Ellis island

Immigrant receiving station, inspection of immigrants

Tenements

Poorly built, overcrowded housing where many immigrants lived

Jacob Riis

Photographer. Map of New York by colors, took pictures of the immigrants which had two opinions on people

Boss Tweed

Used immigrants as potential voters, sent someone to receive them in Ellis Island, machine politics

Machine politics

Connection between industrialists and government, government is aligned with the interest of the industrialist as they Pat for their elections

Theodore Roosevelt

Reform progressive, opposing Tom Platt in the Republican Party. Roosevelt got the votes.

Civil service commission

They required knowledge to have apolitical job, as many people knew nothing about politics

Interstate commerce commission

Limits on moving between states

US vs EC Knight

Congress has no power to change the trusts

Lockyer vs New York

Maximum hours for bakers at 60 hours a week

Knights of Labour

Labor union for factory workers, organized strikes. Some marxists and some socialists

Leisure time

Middle class enough time to have cultural experiences, no going straight to pubs after work

Moral uplift

Raise the cultural knowledge of the public, get them experiences like the wealthy

Calvart Vaux and Frederick Law Olmsted

Created Central Park, moral uplifting, not for fun , just for quiet contemplation

Great exhibition of 1851

The world's first industrial fair, organized as a symbol of British industrial domination. Big building made of glass

World's Fair in Chicago

Most successful fair in history. Olmsted hired to do it, but desperate to get people to come, hires Saul Bloom

Saúl Bloom

Vaudeville, variety shows, will bring the fun to the fair

Midway Plaisance

Place where people come to have fun (amusement park rides, shows, etc.)

Ferris wheel

Show off engineering

Luna Park in Coney Island

First place where working class can have fun in their leisure time

Thomas Cook

Package tours designed for middle class

Winning the west

Settling the west and expanding territory, cowboys seen as heroes.

Frontier Thesis

Frederick Jackson Turner's thesis that our history is based off new ideas to discover, the frontier settling and expanding as a hero for the nation

Indian Removal Act

President Jackson decision to forcefully remove Indians and March them to Oklahoma

Trail of Tears

The Cherokee Indians were forced to leave their lands. They traveled from North Carolina and Georgia through Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, and Arkansas-more than 800 miles (1,287 km)-to the Indian Territory. More than 4, 00 Cherokees died of cold, disease, and lack of food during the 116-day journey.

Transcontinental Railroad

Was used to expand the territory by selling the land cheap for immigrants and rich Americans to start settling

Theodore Roosevelt

He became a cattle rancher in the Dakotas, he appointed himself sherif, and wants to do something with the native Americans not allowing progressive thoughts.

Indian killers or Indian wars

The Indians that decided to resist were subdued by a large army

Nez Perce

Decided to flee, instead of letting them go, they massacred them all

Bureau of Indian Affairs

Atrocities published in newspapers, wanted to present Americans as trying to negotiate and look at the welfare of the tribes.

Assimilation

Made tribes go to Indian schools and assimilate into American society

The massacre of Wounded Knee

Indians protesting peacefully were slaughtered

The Dawes Act

Dissolved all tribal lands

Reservation system

The system that allotted land with designated boundaries to Native American tribes in the west.

Texas Independency

Texas rebelled against Mexico because they are American citizens and want their freedom.

Mexican War

US vs Mexico to get the independence for Texas. Freedom war

Monroe Doctrine

Only the us can interfere In matters within its hemisphere

McKinley

Doesn't want war with Spain, freedom wars to get independence

USS Maine

McKinley sends ship to sit in Havana Harbour and it explodes

William Randolph Hearst

Yellow Journalism (sensationalist press) writes in newspaper that it was the Spanish empire that blew up the Maine, makes McKinley start a war with spain

Theodore Roosevelt

Gets commissioned as a colonel in the army. Gets his own cavalry to launch an attack in cuba

Rough Riders

a cavalry regiment organized by Theodore Roosevelt

Battle of San Juan Hill

One of the most important battles of the Spanish-American War. Roosevelt and Rough Riders defeated Spain. Placed America at an advantage

Battle of Manila

George Dewcy gives an attack to Spanish in philippines

Emilio Aguinaldo

Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain. Philippines remained under us and 100,000 Filipinos were killed.

Hawaii

Very efficient monarchy. Settlers come and want to get Hawaii as protectorate

Bayonet Constitution

Annexation treaty for Hawái to be a protectorate of US

Election of 1900

President McKinley, vice president Roosevelt

pan American exhibition

Mckinley assasinated, Roosevelt youngest president in American history

Sherman Antittrust Act

Act of congress that prevents trusts from restraining trade

Northern securities

A railroad company that wanted to be created by JP Morgan and James Hill

Panama Canal

De Lesseps tried and couldn't, and engineers in Roosevelt government could

Russo-Japanese War

Us as a broker for peace, he puts them in ship and makes them negotiate

Conservation

Taking care of nature for future generations, robber barons don't care

Gifford Pinchot

Start building national parks (in charge on conservation)

William Howard Taft

Roosevelt wanted him as president to manipulate, but he did things that Roosevelt didn't like

Woodrow Wilson

Candidate for democrats

Bull Moose Party

nickname for the new Progressive Party, which was formed to support Roosevelt in the election of 1912

Moral diplomacy

Foreign policy proposed by President Wilson to condemn imperialism, spread democracy, and promote peace

1912 elections

Wilson wins

First World War

Assasination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo starts it

RMS Lusitania

Ship sunk by Germany, didn't carry weapons, makes the US mad

Zimmerman Telegram

A telegram Germany Sent to Mexico to convince Mexico to attack the U.S.

American Expeditionary Force

the U.S. forces, led by Gen. John Pershing, who fought with the allies in Europe during WWI

Trench Warfare

A form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield, with no man's land in the middle

Versailles Treaty

The compromise after WW1, settled land and freedom disputes. Germany had to take full blame for the war in order for the treaty to pass, among other things. The US Senate rejected it.

14 points

President Woodrow Wilson's plan for organizing post World War I Europe and for avoiding future wars, wanted to be gentle worth germany

League of Nations

an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations, US didn't want to be part of it