Chapter 8 (Mood)

antidepressant

medication used to treat depressive disorders, such as tricyclic anti-depressants, monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

bipolar I disorder

alteration of major depressive episodes with full manic episodes

Bipolar II Disorder

alteration of major depressive episodes with hypomanic episodes (not full manic episodes)

cognitive therapy

treatment approach that involves identifying and altering negative thinking styles related to psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety and replacing them with more positive beliefs and attitudes and, ultimately, more adaptive behavior and coping styles

cognitive triad

Aaron T. Beck's theory that depression may result from a tendency to think negatively about three areas: the self, the immediate world, and the future

complicated grief

Grief characterized by debilitating feelings of loss and emotions so painful that a person has trouble resuming a normal life; designated for further study as a disorder by DSM-5.

cyclothymic disorder

Chronic (at least 2 years) mood disorder characterized by alternating mood elevation and depression levels that are not as severe as manic or major depressive episodes.

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

condition in which a child has chronic negative moods such as anger and irritability without any accompanying mania

double depression

Severe mood disorder typified by major depressive episodes superimposed over a background of dysthymic disorder.

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Biological treatment for severe, chronic depression involving the application of electrical impulses through the brain to produce seizures. The reasons for its effectiveness are unknown.

hypomaniac episode

less severe and less disruptive version of a manic episode that is one of the criteria for several mood disorders

integrated grief

grief that evolves from acute grief into a condition in which the individual accepts the finality of a death and adjusts to the loss

interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT)

therapy that focuses on resolving problems in existing relationships and learning to form important new interpersonal relationships

leanred helplessness theory of depression

seligman's theory that people become anxious and depressed when they make an attribution that they have no control over the stress in their lives (whether in reality they do or do not)

maintenence treatment

combination of continued psychosocial treatment, medication, or both designed to prevent relapse following therapy

major depressive disorder

mood disorder involving one (single episode) or more (seperated by at least two months without depression, recurrant) major depressive episodes

major depressive episode

Most common and severe experience of depression, including feelings of worthlessness, disturbances in bodily activities such as sleep, loss of interest, and inability to experience pleasure, persisting at least 2 weeks.

mania

period of abnormally excessive elation or euphoria associated with some mood disorders

mixed features

Condition in which the individual experiences both elation and depression or anxiety at the same time. Also known as dysphoric manic episode or mixed manic episode.

mood disorders

group of disorders involving severe and enduring disturbances in emotionality ranging from elation to severe depression

neurohormones

hormones that affect the brain and are increasingly the focus of study in psychopathology

persistent depressive disorer (dysthymia)

mood disorder involving persistently depressed mood, with low self-esteem, withdrawal, pessimism, or despair; present for at least two years, with no absence of symptoms for more than two months

premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)

A disorder of mood whose symptoms include physical symptoms, severe mood swings, and anxiety that cause incapacitation during most menstrual cycles, starting in the final week before the onset of menses, improving within a few days after the onset of menses, and becoming absent in the week post-menses.

psychological autopsy

post-mortem psychological profile of a suicide victim constructed from interviews with people who knew the person before death

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

Mood disorder involving a cycling of episodes corresponding to the seasons of the year, typically with depression occurring during the winter.

suicidal attempts

efforts made to kill oneself

suicidal ideation

serious thoughts about committing suicide