section 2 of exam ( Muscle tissues

Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle Tissue:

• Striated
• Voluntary
• Multiple nuclei
• Attached to bones/skin
• Contracts fast but tires easily

Characteristics of Cardiac Muscle Tissue:

• Striated
• Involuntary
• One nucleus
• Only in the heart
• Steady contraction
• Pacemaker + nervous system control

Characteristics of Smooth Muscle Tissue:

• Not striated
• Involuntary
• One nucleus
• Found in hollow organs
• Slow contractions
• Calcium mostly extracellular

What are the four important muscle functions?

1. Produce movement
2. Maintain posture/body position
3. Stabilize joints
4. Generate heat

What are the four main characteristics of muscle tissue?

• Excitability – responds to stimuli

• Contractility – shortens forcibly

• Extensibility – can be stretched

• Elasticity – returns to resting length

Describe the connective tissue sheaths from outer to inner:

• Epimysium – around entire muscle
• Perimysium – around fascicle
• Endomysium – around muscle fiber

Describe the nerve and blood supply to muscles:

• Each muscle gets a nerve, artery, and veins.
• Every fiber is innervated.
• High demand for oxygen/nutrients and quick waste removal.

What are muscle attachments?

• Origin – immovable bone
• Insertion – movable bone
• Direct attachment – epimysium fused to periosteum
• Indirect – tendon or aponeurosis

List the organization of muscle structures from simplest to most complex:

Myofilament → Sarcomere → Myofibril → Muscle fiber → Fascicle → Muscle