Studied by 18 people
Long Term Memory
the memory system into which all the information is placed to be kept more or less permanently
Working Memory
the system that processes information present in short-term memory
Semantic Memory
declarative memory containing general knowledge-knowledge of language, information learned in formal education
Episodic Memory
declarative memory containing personal information not readily available to others
-daily activities and events
Chunking
bits of information are combined into meaningful units, so that more information can be held in STM
implicit (nondeclarative) memory
type of long-term memory including memory for skills, procedures, habits, and conditioned responses
-these memories are not conscious, but their existence is implied because they affect conscious behavior
-also include emotional associations, habits, and simple conditioned reflexes that may or may not be in conscious awareness
Proactive Interference
memory retrieval problem that occurs when older information prevents or interferes with the retrieval of newer information
Retroactive Interference
memory retrieval problem that occurs when newer information prevents or interferes with the retrieval of older information
Procedural Memory
skills and habits
Anterograde Amnesia
loss of memory from the point of injury or trauma forward, or the inability to form new long-term memories
-usually does NOT affect procedural LTM
Encoding
the set of mental operations that people perform on sensory information to convert that information into a form that is usable in the brain's storage systems
explicit (declarative) memory
type of long-term memory containing information that is conscious and known memory for facts
Retrograde Amnesia
loss of memory from the point of some injury or trauma backwards, or loss of memory for the past
Sensory Memory
the very first stage of memory; the point at which information enters the nervous system through the sensory systems
Flashbulb Memories
automatic encoding that occurs because an unexpected event has strong emotional associations for the person remembering it
Memory
an active system that receives information from the senses, organizes and alters that information as it stores it away, and then retrieves the information from storage
Mnemonic Devices
enhance retention and memory. It is a tool that helps you remember an idea or phrase. An example of a this would be ROYGBIV, which is used to remember the colors of the rainbow
Retrieval
getting information that is in storage into a form that can be used
Elaborative Rehearsal
a method of transferring information from STM into LTM by making that information meaningful in some way
Prospective Memory
remembering to perform an action at a certain time. An example would be remembering to take medicine after lunch
Storage
holding onto information for some period of time
Serial Position Effect
information at the beginning and the end of a body of information more accurately remembered than the information in the middle
Priming
improvement in identifying or processing concepts after having prior experience with them
Amnesia
A significant memory loss that is too extensive to be due to normal forgetting.
Long Term Potentiation
changes in number and sensitivity of receptor sites/synapses through repeated stimulation
Maintenance Rehearsal
saying bits of information to be remembered over and over in one's head in order to maintain it in short-term memory (STMs tend to be encoded in auditory form)
Recall
memory retrieval in which the information to be retrieved must be "pulled" from memory with very few external cues
Decay Theory
The notion that memories are lost as a result of a fading of the memory trace.
Encoding Specificity Theory
the belief that retrieval will be more successful when cues available during recall are similar to those present when the material was first committed to memory
State Dependent Memory
memories formed during a particular physiological or psychological state will be easier to recall while in a similar state
Note
Flashcard