Social studies study guide

Joint stock company

Joint stock company

People collectively invest in a project, split profit (or divide losses)

Investor

Person who puts money into a project in powder to earn profit

Cash Crop

Crops specifically to make a profit or sell

Indentured servant

Person who sold his or her labor in exchange for passage to the colony

Charter

A written contract giving certain rights; charters given to settle land

(Share of) stock

Share of owner; bought by investors of a company- the more money they invested, the more stocks they received (as a percentage of the total money invested)

brackish

Mixture of river water and sea water; slightly salty (not good for drinking or irrigating crops)

Drought

Period of time with little or no rain fallPeriod of time with little or no rain fall

monopoly

Complete  control of a good or service

Armada

A fleet of warships; Spanish Aranda -130 ships 

Planting

colony

Mercantisllism

Colonies provide raw materials to home country and these are sold back to colonies as manufactured goods.

Queen Elizabeth I

Virgin queen- never married ; Virginia named after her

Sir Walter Raleigh

Advisor to Queen Elizabeth I

John White

Headed 2nd attempt to settle Roanoke; Governor of Roanoke

Virgina Dare

First English child born in America; Granddaughter of John White

Croatoans

Friendly tribe of Croatoan island

John Smith

Pro soldier ; captured by turks, and escaped, and became famed

John Rolfe

Husband of Pocahontas-lived in jamestown, learned how to grow tobacco

Wahunsenahcawh / Chief Powhatan

Father of Pocahontas and he would help john smith

Matoaka / Pocahontas / Rebecca

Chief Powhatan's daughter ; wife of John Rolfe-Born Matoaka, beloved daughter of Wahunsenahcawh; According to Smith, she saved his life: 1613 kidnapped by settlers, converts to Christianity, refuses to return to Powhatan; 1614 marries John Rolfe; travels to England to show how "civilized" an Indian can become - or be made

Roanoke Island 

 Island of Outer Banks, north of Croatoan

Hatteras Island

Croatoan island, south of Roanoke. Where Croatoan lived

Outer Banks

Barrier islands off the coast of NC

Chesapeake Bay

Bay area james 1 settled

James river

the mouth a river is in Chesapeake bay

Jamestown

 Colony started in 1607, Chesapeake Bay, named after King James l

Indentured servitude / Slavery

Person who sold his or her labor in exchange for passage to the colony

House of Burgesses

An assembly of elected representatives from Virginia that would meet once a year and make laws for the colony

Virginia company

joint stock company that financed the james twin expedition

“I have already joined myself in marriage to a husband, named the kingdom of England.”

Queen Elizabeth l

“He who does not work, neither shall he eat.”

John Smith

Cannibalism

Consuming one of the same species

triangular fort

A fort built with three sides- like Jamestown; simple to build, easy to defend

Protestant

A christian who is NOT catholic (English, Dutch)- from the word “protest”

confederacy

An alliance;Powhatan Confederacy

Northwest Passage

A route between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans; John Smith searched for this route to make passage to Asia easier/quicker

Prophecy

A prediction of what will occur

Catholic

A member of Catholic Church, headed by the pope (spanish, French)

Tabaco

Crop brought to VA (smuggled from Spanish West Indies) by John Rolfe - milder than tobacco grown by Indigenous ppls; Cash crop: This crop helps to build a stronger settlement; King James I does not like the habit of smoking/chewing tobacco, but accepts it bc it is so profitable

Opechancanough (“Chief Powhatan’s brother”)

Becomes Chief when his brother dies; Enters and escalates warfare with settiers, esp 1622 and 1644 - can be seen as 2"' and 3' battles of Prophecy; Killed in battle, leads to end of Powhatan Confederacy