Chapter 6: Aqueous Solutions and Electrolytes

These flashcards cover key concepts and vocabulary related to aqueous solutions, electrolytes, and their properties, as discussed in the lecture.

Electrolyte

A substance that dissolves in water to yield a solution that conducts electricity.

Nonelectrolyte

A substance that dissolves in water and does not conduct electricity.

Strong Electrolyte

An electrolyte that dissociates completely into its ions in solution.

Weak Electrolyte

A substance that produces ions upon dissolving but exists predominantly as molecules.

Molarity (M)

The number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

Solubility

The maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given quantity of solvent at a specific temperature.

Dissociation

The process by which an electrolyte breaks apart into individual ions in solution.

Ionization

The process when a molecular compound forms ions when it dissolves.

Dynamic Chemical Equilibrium

A state of balance where both forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate.

Dilution

The process of preparing a less concentrated solution from a more concentrated one.

ppm (parts per million)

A measure of concentration indicating the mass of solute in one million grams of solvent.

Hydrogen Bond

An electrostatic attraction between a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom and another electronegative atom.

Cation

A positively charged ion.

Anion

A negatively charged ion.

Polyatomic Ion

An ion composed of two or more atoms.

Concentration

The amount of solute in a given volume of solvent or solution.

Acid-base reaction

A chemical reaction involving an acid and a base that produces water and a salt.