Manufacturing Industries Overview

A collection of flashcards covering key concepts and definitions related to manufacturing industries, as discussed in the lecture notes.

Manufacturing Industry

Converts raw materials into finished products, usually on a large scale, by physical labour or mechanical power.

Stages of Production

Obtaining raw material, processing it into finished product, and distributing the product.

Agro-based Industries

Industries that obtain raw materials from agriculture, like cotton, jute textiles, sugar, and food processing.

Mineral-based Industries

Industries that use rocks and minerals as raw materials, such as iron and steel, aluminium, cement, and petrochemicals.

Pastoral-based Industries

Industries that utilize livestock and animal products, such as leather goods and woollen textiles.

Forest-based Industries

Industries that utilize raw materials from forests, such as paper and furniture.

Synthetic Textiles

Textiles made from synthetic fibers like rayon, nylon, acrylic, and polyester, known for being cheaper and more durable than natural textiles.

Major Industrial Regions

The four regions are Eastern North America, Western & Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and Eastern Asia.

Types of Cotton Textile Mills

Three types: spinning mills (produce yarn), weaving mills (produce cloth), and composite mills (produce both yarn and cloth).

Intermediate Goods Industries

Industries that produce items used as components for other finished products, such as tyres and packaging materials.

Consumer Goods Industries

Industries that produce finished products directly used by consumers, such as sugar and cosmetics.

Private Sector Industries

Industries owned and managed by individuals or groups, for example, Tata Iron and Steel Company and Reliance Industries.

Public Sector Industries

Industries owned and operated by governments or their agencies, such as Steel Authority of India Ltd. and Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd.

Steel Production Process

Iron ore is mixed with coal and limestone, smelted in a blast furnace to produce pig iron, then refined to produce steel through carbon mixing.

Classification of Industries by Size

Cottage industries (small, family run), small-scale industries (some labour and machinery), large-scale industries (heavy machinery and large capital).

World Distribution of Iron and Steel Industry

Concentrated in regions with accessible iron ore and coal, such as the USA, UK, France, Germany, Japan, and China.