U.S. Government Unit 1.3

Federation

power is divided between two independent levels

all power is derived from the people

Concurrent Powers

powers shared by state and national governments

Commerce Clause

allows national government to regulate interstate commerce

Gibbons v. Ogden

Full Faith and Credit Clause

requires states to accept court decisions, public acts, and contracts of other states

ex. license from one state is valid in another

McCulloch v. Maryland

established implied powers

ruled that national bank could be created

Implied Powers

authority not explicitly stated in the Constitution but granted by Congress

Gibbons v. Ogden

ruled that the federal government could regulate interstate commerce

Dred Scott v. Stanford

ruled that the federal government did not have the right to ban slavery in new states

Dual Federalism

state and national governments have separate, exclusive authority

Cooperative Federalism

state and national governments work together on pressing issues

The Great Depression

lowering GDP and rising unemployment

created need for cooperative federalism

New Deal

series of welfare programs to help people and corporations during the Great Depression

New Federalism

move to centralize policies and enhance administrative efficiency

quicker government, bring power back to states

General Revenue Sharing

programs created to give funds to state and local governments with minimal limits on how to spend

Competitive Federalism

state and national governments compete for the ability to create a policy for an issue

promoted innovate policy creation

9/11

strengthened federal power

created the Department of Homeland Security

Affordable Care Act

created competition between states to have the better healthcare plan

Unfunded Mandate

federal requirements of state and local governments that they are not fully compensated for

Categorical Grant

federal funds designated with strict criteria and oversight

Block Grant

federal funds with less oversight and more flexibility on spending

Dillon’s Rule

state laws are superior to local legislation

Home Rule

extra leniency given to local governments for policy and tax decisions

Supermajority

more than the majority of the vote

Line Item Veto

governor power

vetoing only a portion of a bill and letting the rest pass

Amendatory Veto

governor power

passing a bill only if it is amended

Reduction Veto

governor power

passing a bill but lowering the budget

State Legislature

representative body for state through which elected officials pass state laws

Commission System

county government

small number of commissioners perform legislative and executive functions

Council-Administrator System

county government

voters elect council members

council members choose and administrator for oversight

Council Elected Executive System

county government

voters elect council and executive

executive oversees council

Municipal Government

city or local government

Mayor-Council System

municipal government

voters elect both city council and mayor

Council-Manager System

municipal govenment

voters elect city council, mayor is chosen among council members