Unit 5 intro to genetics

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16 Terms

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Gene

a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring. A section of DNA that codes for a protein

<p>a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring. A section of DNA that codes for a protein</p>
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trait, characteristic

any factor used to describe or distinguish

<p>any factor used to describe or distinguish</p>
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Variation

Any difference between individuals of the same species.

<p>Any difference between individuals of the same species.</p>
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Allele

An alternative form of a gene.

<p>An alternative form of a gene.</p>
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Genotype

genetic makeup of an organism

<p>genetic makeup of an organism</p>
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Phenotype

An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.

<p>An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.</p>
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Homozygous

An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait

<p>An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait</p>
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Heterozygous

An organism that has two different alleles for a trait

<p>An organism that has two different alleles for a trait</p>
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Monohybrid

A cross between individuals that involves ONE pair of contrasting traits

<p>A cross between individuals that involves ONE pair of contrasting traits</p>
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Dihybrid

a hybrid that is heterozygous for alleles of TWO different genes.

<p>a hybrid that is heterozygous for alleles of TWO different genes.</p>
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Dominant

Describes a trait that covers over, or dominates, another form of that trait.

<p>Describes a trait that covers over, or dominates, another form of that trait.</p>
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Recessive

An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present

<p>An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present</p>
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Chromosomes

threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes

<p>threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes</p>
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Centromere

Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached

<p>Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached</p>
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Telomere

repetitive DNA at the end of a eukaryotic chromosome

<p>repetitive DNA at the end of a eukaryotic chromosome</p>
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Chromatid

one half of a duplicated chromosome

<p>one half of a duplicated chromosome</p>