Principles of Science

Scientific Method

sequence of steps that scientists follow, when attempting to answer question/observation

1st step

Observation/Question (act of viewing/noting detail/fact/occurrence)

2nd step

Research (about topic)

3rd step

Hypothesis (testable explanation/prediction based on observation and scientists prior knowledge)

4th step

Experiment (develop procedure to test hypothesis) test the hypothesis under controlled conditions w defined variables

5th step

Collect Data (record results of experiments) includes measurements/observations made during experiments aka facts

6 step

Analysis (examine data)

7th step

Conclusion (compare hypothesis to experiment results) states wether hypothesis is supported by experiment

Small Pox

A disease that was eradicated due to a doctor employing scientific method (deadly and contagious w 30% fatality rate)

Experiments use ____ or more groups for comparison

(2) Control, Experimental

Control

does not receive IV

Experimental

Receives IV

IV

Independent variable (what you change in)

Peer Review

Involves publishing results for other scientists to review/check for error, bias, controlled variables

Correlation

Observed when there are stat variables that have a relationship that would not be expected by chance alone

Causation

Occurs when pneumonia variable directly influences the other

Correlation doesn’t always mean ____

Causation

Pseudoscience

“false science” claims to be scientific but does not follow scientific practices

Characteristics of Pseudoscience

-claim isn’t repeatable

-claim has no experimental evidence

-no alt. explanations have been tested

-conclusion formed 1st then evidence is selectivity

ex. flat earthy (historical)