[PF] - Presentation and Interpretation of Data

•Data Presentation is conveying scientific information in a , , and _
manner.

clear
simple
understandable

three main methods of data presentation

narrative
tabular
graphical

what data is Used to convey information concisely

Textual/Narrative Presentation of Data

data is Used Especially when dealing with small amount of numerical data

Textual/Narrative Presentation of Data

Textual/Narrative Presentation of Data numerical data is less than

4

Textual/Narrative Presentation of Data presdented in the form of a

sentence

What Data Presentation is this: Out of the 40 study participants, three developed complications.

Textual/Narrative Presentation of Data

What Data Presentation is this: The incidence of metapneumovirus infection in the Philippines rose to 50% (95% CI = 7.5 - 24.65) from 25% of the same period last year.

Textual/Narrative Presentation of Data

For Textual/Narrative Presentation of Data number less than or equal to ___ should be written as ___

nine
words

For Textual/Narrative Presentation of Data number __ and above should be written as __

10
digits

Statistical tables and graphs are _way of presenting large sets of information

Compact

Statistical tables and graphs are Simple, direct and ____

clear

Statistical tables and graphs are Capable of conveying message ------ and ------

quickly
illustratively

Statistical tables and graphs are Able to concisely summarize -----

information

Statistical tables and graphs are ------- pick up things without reading whole text

self-explanatory

Note in Statistical tables and graphs never put data in a table if you can describe it efficiently in ______ sentences

one or two

Characteristics of a statisical tables and graphs: convey only essential facts

simplicity

Characteristics of a statisical tables and graphs: augment rather than duplicate the text

simplicity

Characteristics of a statisical tables and graphs: easy to read

Clarity

Characteristics of a statisical tables and graphs: easy to understand

Clarity

Characteristics of a statisical tables and graphs: consistent with and is prepared in the same style as other tables and graphs in the same manuscript

Continuity

Characteristics of a statisical tables and graphs: carefully planned and prepared

Continuity

Anatomy of a statistical table, the table number should be ----- numbering

consecutive

Anatomy of a statistical table, the table number should be ---- numerals (1,2)

arabic

Anatomy of a statistical table that Provide info as to "what" "where" "when"

Title

Anatomy of a statistical table that Complete but concise; single-spaced

Title

Anatomy of a statistical table that basis of classification of the VERTICAL series of
figures

column headings

Anatomy of a statistical table that basis of classification of the HORIZONTAL series of
figures

row headings (stubs)

Anatomy of a statistical table that consists of cells interesection of a row and a column

body

Anatomy of a statistical table that the body are figures in the cell should be aligned by the ------

decimal points

Anatomy of a statistical table that in the body the number of decimal points are ---

consistent

Anatomy of a statistical table that in the body you should neve leave a blank cell but put --- or a ---

zero
hyphen

Anatomy of a statistical table that are small letter rather than numbers

footnotes

Anatomy of a statistical table that is only put if needed

footnotes

Anatomy of a statistical table that is placed immediately below the bottom rule of the table

footnotes

Anatomy of a statistical table that is Obligatory to state source if data are not original

Source of data

Anatomy of a statistical table that is Placed after the footnote, if any, or after the bottom rule of the table

Source of data

Relation of tables and text: ---- the text

supplements

Relation of tables and text: every table should be ------ to in the text

cited/referred

Relation of tables and text: • discuss only -----

highlights

Relation of tables and text: place tables close to where they are first mentioned in your
text, do not split a ------ across pages

table

Relation between tables: Standardize a ----- style

particular

Relation between tables: --- consecutively

number

[Positioning of the Table] Placed immediately after the text where it is first ____

cited

[Positioning of the Table] Table should be on the same ____ or top of the following ____

page
page

[Positioning of the Table] Never place a table before it's first ____

cited

[Number of Variables] ____ variables at the most

Three

[Table Should Be Self-Explanatory] Units of measures indicated - stated in the ____ or ____

headings title
row/column

[Listing Categories] List the categories of a variable in ____ frequency if there is no logical basis for the listing

decreasing

[Statistical Information] Mean, SD, standard errors, confidence interval, etc. is usually required in ____ papers

formal scientific

[Unit of Measurement] Unit of measurement should be indicated either as part of ____ or ____

headings title
column/row

[Unit of Measurement] Use same unit of measurement & number of ____ within a column

decimal places

What type of statistical table shows counts across classifications of only 1 variable?

ONE-WAY TABLE

This table type involves two variables and is also known as a contingency table.

TWO-WAY TABLE

A type of table used when more than two variables are being classified.

MULTI-WAY TABLE

[Fill in the Blank] ONE-WAY TABLE shows counts across classifications of only ____ variable

one

[Fill in the Blank] TWO-WAY TABLE consists of ____ variables

Two

[Fill in the Blank] MULTI-WAY TABLE includes ____ than 2 variables

More

What type of table is constructed during the protocol preparation to preview the expected outputs?

Dummy Table

Which table type does not contain actual figures but shows expected structure?

Skeleton Table

[Fill in the Blank] Skeleton Table — does not contain ____

figures

[Fill in the Blank] Dummy tables are constructed during the ____ preparation

protocol

What type of table summarizes counts of observations and shows how often values occur?

Frequency Distribution

[Fill in the Blank] Frequency Distribution (also known as ____ table) summarizes counts of observations

frequency

[Fill in the Blank] Frequency Distribution shows the number of times each value or category ____

occurs

[Fill in the Blank] One way to describe distribution: ____ (or number of observations)

frequency

ways to describe the distribution

frequency
percentage

gives a preview of what table outputs are expected from the study

dummy table

In graphical representation, this is a visual representation of relationship between, but not restricted to, how many variables?

two

The graph consists of two axes called the ____ (horizontal) and ____ (vertical)

x-axis y-axis

What is the horizontal axis of a graph also known as?

Abscissa or X-axis

What is the vertical axis of a graph also known as?

Ordinate or Y-axis

In HAX VOY, what does "HAX" stand for in terms of axis orientation?

Horizontal, Abscissa, X-axis

In HAX VOY, what does "VOY" stand for in terms of axis orientation?

Vertical, Ordinate, Y-axis

What is considered a more effective tool in conveying information than a table?

graph

Which function of graphs helps portray changes or development over time?

Portray patterns and trends

Which function of graphs is best for comparison?

Best for showing comparison

What numbering system is used for figure numbers in a graph?

Arabic

What component of a graph provides information on what, where, and when?

Title

What anatomy of a graph have horizontal and vertical scales?

coordinate axes

What anatomy of a graph should be properly labeled: variable and unit of measurement
indicated?

coordinate axes

Anatomy of a graph should start with ---

zero

Anatomy of a graph may use --- if range of observation are too far above

break

Anatomy of a graph where ---- should be indicated, if not orginal

source

The title or caption of a graph must be ____ and ____

clear concise

Use ____ graphs, which are usually the most effective

simple

Graph should be ____ explanatory

self

Use ____ appropriately to clarify what elements represent what

legends

Be careful when plotting ____ to avoid misleading readers and properly ____ them

scales
label

Use a ____ to avoid placing the graph high up on the grid

scale break

Graphs are not appropriate when data are very ____

dispersed

Graphs are not appropriate when there are too few ____

categories

Graphs are not appropriate when the data set is too ____

numerous

Graphs are not appropriate when the data show little or no ____

variation

What type of graph readily compares the percentages in each category by comparing the heights of the bars?

Bar Graph

Bar graphs use percentages or ____ when the total number of observations for the groups are not uniform

rates

In bar graphs, when percentages are used, the sum of the heights of all bars must equal ____

100%

Categories in bar graphs for qualitative variables may be arranged by magnitude of corresponding figures or ____ ordering

natural

Give an example of categories that may appear in a bar graph

Educational attainment, Birth order

What type of graph shows breakdown of a group or total where the number of categories is not too many?

Pie Graph