DCA Hormones/ DM 11-20

sitagliptin brand name

Januvia

sitagliptin therapeutic class

Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 inhibitor, antidiabetic

sitagliptin dosage form

tablet

sitagliptin indications

- T2DM

sitagliptin efficacy

"- Preprandial blood glucose between 80 and 130 mg/dL
- HbA1c < 7%"

sitagliptin MOA

Sitagliptin phosphate is a DPP-4 enzyme inhibitor that inhibits the degradation of incretin hormones by DPP-4, and enhances the function of GLP-1 and GIP to increase insulin release and decrease glucagon levels in the circulation in a glucose-dependent manner

sitagliptin adverse effect

"Common (>10%): hypoglycemia
Rare but Serious (

sitagliptin toxicity

"- Monitor renal function and amylase periodically
- Seek medical attention if severe abdominal pain, muscle weakness or pain, or decreased urine production"

sitagliptin drug interactions

"P-glycoprotein inducers: increased sitagliptin transport reduces sitagliptin effectiveness
P-glycoprotein inhibitors: decreased sitagliptin transport increases risk of sitagliptin toxicity

sitagliptin dosing

- 100 mg daily

sitagliptin pharmacology

"Dose adjustment RENAL:
- CrCl 30-50 mL/min, 50 mg daily
- CrCl < 30 mL/min, 25 mg daily

sitagliptin pearls

- Substrate of P-glycoprotein

insulin detemir brand name

Levemir

insulin detemir therapeutic class

Insulin, long-acting

insulin detemir dosage form

"- Injection solution
- Pens"

insulin detemir indications

- T1 & T2DM

insulin detemir efficacy

"- Preprandial blood glucose between 80 and 130 mg/dL
- HbA1c < 7%"

insulin detemir MOA

Insulin promotes cellular uptake of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids, and their conversion to glycogen, triglycerides, and proteins.

insulin detemir counseling

"- Monitor blood glucose
- If

insulin detemir adverse effects

"Common (

insulin detemir toxicity

- Symptoms of hypoglycemia include nausea, sweating, tremor, and loss of consciousness

insulin detemir drug interactions

"Beta-blockers: altered glucose metabolism and increased risk of hypoglycemia

insulin detemir dosing

- SQ dosing is individualized to patient needs

insulin detemir pharmacology

"
- Onset of action: 3-4 hrs
- Peak action: 3-9 hrs
- Duration of action: 6-23 hrs (dose dependent)"

insulin detemir pearl

"

• Insulin requirements may change during periods of stress or illness, or with increased activity, monitor and adjust

insulin glargine brand name

Lantus, Toujeo

insulin glargine therapeutic class

Insulin, long-acting

insulin glargine dosage form

"- Injection solution
- Pens"

insulin glargine indication

- T1 & T2DM

insulin glargine efficacy

"- Preprandial blood glucose between 80 and 130 mg/dL
- HbA1c < 7%"

insulin glargine MOA

Insulin promotes cellular uptake of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids, and their conversion to glycogen, triglycerides, and proteins.

insulin glargine counseling

"- Monitor blood glucose in frequent intervals (2-4 times/day)
- If

insulin glargine adverse effects

"Common (

insulin glargine toxicity

- Symptoms of hypoglycemia include nausea, sweating, tremor, and loss of consciousness

insulin glargine drug interactions

"Beta-blockers: altered glucose metabolism and increased risk of hypoglycemia

insulin glargine dosing

- SQ dosing is individualized to patient needs

insulin glargine pharmacology

"
- Onset of action: 3-4 hrs
- Peak action: no peak
- Duration of action: > 24 hrs"

insulin aspart brand name

Novolog

insulin aspart therapeutic class

Insulin, rapid-acting

insulin aspart dosage form

"- Injection solution
- Pens"

insulin aspart indication

- T1 & T2DM

insulin aspart efficacy

"- Preprandial blood glucose between 80 and 130 mg/dL
- HbA1c < 7%"

insulin aspart MOA

Insulin promotes cellular uptake of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids, and their conversion to glycogen, triglycerides, and proteins.

insulin aspart counseling

"- Monitor blood glucose in frequent intervals (2-4 times/day)
- If

insulin aspart adverse effects

"Common (

insulin aspart toxicity

- Symptoms of hypoglycemia include nausea, sweating, tremor, and loss of consciousness

insulin aspart drug interactions

"Beta-blockers: altered glucose metabolism and increased risk of hypoglycemia

insulin aspart black box warning

- Risk of acute bronchospasm with inhaled formulation

insulin aspart dosing

- SQ dosing is individualized to patient needs "

insulin aspart pharmacology

- Onset of action: 15-30 mins
- Peak action: 1-3 hrs
- Duration of action: 3-5 hrs"

insulin lispro brand name

Humalog

insulin lispro therapeutic class

Insulin, rapid-acting

insulin lispro dosage form

"- Injection solution
- Pens"

insulin lispro indication

- T1 & T2DM

insulin lispro efficacy

"- Preprandial blood glucose between 80 and 130 mg/dL
- HbA1c < 7%"

insulin lispro MOA

Insulin promotes cellular uptake of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids, and their conversion to glycogen, triglycerides, and proteins.

insulin lispro counseling

"- Monitor blood glucose in frequent intervals (2-4 times/day)
- If

insulin lispro adverse effects

"Common (

insulin lispro toxicity

- Symptoms of hypoglycemia include nausea, sweating, tremor, and loss of consciousness

insulin lispro drug interaction

"Beta-blockers: altered glucose metabolism and increased risk of hypoglycemia

insulin lispro dosing

- SQ dosing is individualized to patient needs

insulin lispro pharmacology

"
- Onset of action: 15-30 mins
- Peak action: 1-3 hrs
- Duration of action: 3-5 hrs"

glimepiride brand name

Amaryl

glimepiride therapeutic class

Second-Generation Sulfonylurea, Antidiabetic

glimepiride dosage form

- Tablet

glimepiride indications

- T2DM

glimepiride efficacy

"- Preprandial blood glucose between 80 and 130 mg/dL
- HbA1c < 7%"

glimepiride MOA

Sulfonylureas enhance insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells and potentiate insulin action on several extrahepatic tissues. Long-term sulfonylureas increase peripheral utilization of glucose, suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis, and possibly increase the sensitivity and/or number of peripheral insulin receptors.

glimepiride counseling

"- Monitor blood glucose
- If

glimepiride adverse effects

"Common (>10%): hypoglycemia, weight gain
Rare but Serious (

glimepiride toxicity

"- Symptoms of hypoglycemia include nausea, sweating, tremor, and loss of consciousness
- Seek medical attention if yellowing of skin or eyes, severe skin rash, unusual bruising, or bleeding"

glimepiride drug interaction

Beta-blockers: altered glucose metabolism and increased risk of hypoglycemia ALL symptoms of hypoglycemia masked EXCEPT sweating)

glimepiride counterindications

• Diabetic ketoacidosis"

glimepiride dosing

"- 1 - 2 mg daily
- may titrate by 1-2 mg every 1-2 weeks to effect
- max dose 8 mg daily"

glimepiride pharmacology

"Dose adjustment RENAL:
- start with 1 mg daily
Dose adjustment HEPATIC:
- avoid use in patients with severe liver dysfunction" "
- A sulfonylurea may be added if HbA1c goals are not achieved with metformin alone

glimepiride pearls

- Hemolytic anemia is most likely to occur in patients with G6PD deficiency"

glipizide brand name

Glucotrol

glipizide therapeutic class

Second-Generation Sulfonylurea, Antidiabetic

glipizide dosage form

"- Tablet
- Extended-release tablet"

glipizide indications

- T2DM

glipizide efficacy

"- Preprandial blood glucose between 80 and 130 mg/dL
- HbA1c < 7%"

glipizide MOA

Sulfonylureas enhance insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells and potentiate insulin action on several extrahepatic tissues. Long-term sulfonylureas increase peripheral utilization of glucose, suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis, and possibly increase the sensitivity and/or number of peripheral insulin receptors.

glipizide counseling

"- Monitor blood glucose
- If

glipizide adverse effects

"Common (>10%): hypoglycemia, weight gain
Rare but Serious (

glipizide toxicity

"- Symptoms of hypoglycemia include nausea, sweating, tremor, and loss of consciousness
- Seek medical attention if yellowing of skin or eyes, severe skin rash, unusual bruising, or bleeding"

glipizide drug interactions

Beta-blockers: altered glucose metabolism and increased risk of hypoglycemia ALL symptoms of hypoglycemia masked EXCEPT sweating)

glipizide counterindications

Diabetic ketoacidosis

• T1DM"

glipizide dosing

"- Immediate-release: 5-10 mg daily, may titrate to max of 40 mg daily, divide BID if doses >15 mg
- Extended-release: 5-10 mg daily, may titrate to max of 20 mg daily"

glipizide pharmacology

"Dose adjustment RENAL:
- start with 2.5 mg daily
Dose adjustment HEPATIC:
- start with 2.5 mg daily"

glipizide pearls

"
- Hemolytic anemia is most likely to occur in patients with G6PD deficiency
- Patients on insulin - when starting glipizide, reduce insulin dose by 50% or discontinue if < 20 units/day"

semaglutide brand name

"- Ozempic, Wegovy - injectable
- Rybelsus - oral"

semaglutide therapeutic class

Glucagon-like peptide-1-receptor agonist

semaglutide dosage form

"- Tablet
- Solution Pen-injector
- Solution Auto-injector"

semaglutide indication

"- T2DM
- Chronic weight management"

semaglutide efficacy

"- Plasma glucose
- HR and body weight
- HvA1c < 7%"

semaglutide MOA

Analog of glucagon-like peptide-1, which increases glucose-dependent insulin secretion, decreases inappropriate glucagon secretion, slows gastric emptying, and increases satiety.

semaglutide counseling

"- Renal function
- Signs/symptoms of pancreatitis
- Triglycerides
- Signs/symptoms of gallbladder disease
- Worsening of diabetic retinopathy"

semaglutide adverse effects

"Common (>10%): nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, fatigue, headache, nasopharyngitis, decreased appetite
Rare but Serious (

semaglutide toxicity

"- Renal function
- Signs/symptoms of pancreatitis
- Triglycerides
- Signs/symptoms of gallbladder disease
- Worsening of diabetic retinopathy"