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Florence Nightingale
Known as the Mother of nursing and the Angel of mercy, she invented environment care and was the first famous nursing researcher/epidemiologist.
Nursing history
Understanding the history of nursing helps us understand the nursing experience, reflect on the current system, and influences current research.
Program philosophies
Critical social theory, phenomenology, social discourse, and social norms are different ways of understanding and analyzing societal issues.
Ways of Knowing
Empirical, personal, aesthetic, and ethical are different ways of acquiring knowledge and understanding in nursing.
Nursing as a profession - 7 core nursing values
Providing safe, compassionate, competent, and ethical care; promoting health and wellbeing; promoting and respecting informed respectful decision-making; honoring dignity; honoring privacy and confidentiality; promoting justice; being accountable.
Critical thinking
Purposeful and reflective reasoning used to examine ideas, with skills such as interpretation, analysis, inference, evaluation, and self-regulation.
Kataoka-Yahiro Model
A model that includes three levels of critical thinking - basic, complex, and commitment - and various components, competencies, attitudes, and standards.
Benner 5-step model
Novice, beginner, competent, proficient, and expert - a model that describes the progression of nursing skills and expertise.
The nursing process ADPIE
Assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation - a systematic approach to providing nursing care.
Meta Paradigm
The basis of nursing theories, including the concepts of person, health, environment, and nursing.
Key Nursing theories
Nightingale, Roy, and Watson's theories are examples of grand theories that guide nursing practice, education, and research.
Cultural competence
The ongoing process of cultural learning and understanding, challenging power relations, and promoting inclusivity in healthcare.
Cultural safety
An outcome of nursing education that ensures the client feels safe and respected in their cultural context.
Cultural humility
Recognizing that one is never an expert and continuously learning about different cultures.
Social determinants of health
Proximal determinants (e.g., poor diet, lifestyle) and intermediate and distant determinants (e.g., community, government) that impact health outcomes.
UNDRIP
Universal Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples - a framework for the survival, dignity, and well-being of indigenous people worldwide.
Health teaching
Providing clients and families with informed knowledge to promote proper care, informed decision-making, and health restoration.
Client-centered education goals
Ensuring the client is an active participant, valuing their preferences, building on their strengths, and creating a collaborative environment.
Client-centered learning and LEARNS
A strategy based on the pillars of client-centered care, health literacy, knowledge and skill building, and self-management support.
3 learning domains
Cognitive (understanding), affective (emotional), and psychomotor (skills) domains in the learning process.
Central line
A catheter that is inserted into a large vein to deliver medication or fluids directly into the bloodstream.
Health teachings
The process of providing information and guidance to clients to promote their understanding and management of their health.
Nurse
A healthcare professional who provides guidance, coaching, information, emotional support, and creates an adaptive environment for clients.
Transtheoretical model of change
A model that explores a person's motivational readiness to change their health habits intentionally, consisting of stages such as pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance.
Readiness
The interest and willingness of an individual to learn or change their health habits.
Ability
The skills and capabilities an individual possesses that impact their readiness and ability to learn.
Health literacy
The degree to which individuals have the ability to find, understand, and use information and services to inform health-related decisions and actions for themselves and others.
Organizational health literacy
The degree to which organizations enable individuals to find, understand, and use information and services to inform health-related decisions and actions.
Canadian Healthcare System
The system of healthcare in Canada, including the role of Tommy Douglas in its establishment.
Canadian Health Act
Legislation that outlines the key principles and implications of the Canadian healthcare system, including public administration, comprehensiveness, universality, portability, and accessibility.
Primary healthcare
The first point of contact for individuals seeking healthcare, often provided by family doctors who coordinate services and provide referrals to specialists.
Secondary healthcare
Specialized healthcare services provided by specialists or in hospitals or communities.
Tertiary healthcare
Specialized care for complex cases that require advanced procedures and equipment, often provided in specialized hospitals.
Professional accountability
The responsibility of healthcare professionals to adhere to ethical standards, principles of faithfulness, and respect for clients' dignity and self-determination.
CNO (College of Nurses of Ontario)
The regulatory body that governs and regulates the nursing profession in Ontario, ensuring safe and competent practice.
Registration
The process of being listed as a member in good standing with a regulatory body, ensuring a minimum level of safe practice.
Licensure
The granting of exclusive legal rights to practice a profession, such as nursing, by a regulatory body.
NCLEX
The registration exam for nurses, which tests knowledge and ensures safety in practice.
Ontario Nurses Association (ONA)
A trade union that advocates for nurses' rights, safe working environments, and quality patient care.
Registered Nurse Association of Ontario (RNAO)
An association that represents registered nurses in Ontario, advocating for their professional interests and promoting quality healthcare.
Voice of RNS
Professional Association representing RNs in Ontario
Canadian Nurses Association (CNA)
National professional voice of RNS
Canadian Association of Schools of Nursing (CASN)
Voice of nursing education and scholarship
International Council of Nurses
Federation of National Nursing Agencies from all over the world
Sigma Theta Tau International (STTI)
Honors the nursing profession, empowers nurses, advances healthcare
Entry-to-practice competencies
Standard level of knowledge, skill, and judgment needed for safe and ethical care
Privacy and confidentiality
Nurses ethically and legally must maintain privacy and confidentiality
PHIPA
Personal Health Information Protection Act
QOCIPA
Quality of Care Information Protection Act
PIPEDA
Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act
Duty of care
Legal obligation to provide a certain standard of care to patients
Tort Law
Civil wrong or wrongdoing, can be intentional or unintentional
Negligence
Failure to carry out a duty of care, resulting in harm to the patient
CNO standards
Standards set by the College of Nurses of Ontario
Ethics
Philosophy of what is right or wrong
CNA Code of Ethics
Informs professionals about ethical issue expectations
CNO ethical values
Client wellbeing, client choice, privacy and confidentiality, respect for life, maintaining commitments, truthfulness and fairness
Autonomy
Right to freedom of choice
Beneficence
Doing good, promoting good for others
Nonmaleficence
Avoiding harm, balancing treatment risks/benefits
Justice
Fairness and equity, good resource distribution
Ethical decision making
Process of making decisions based on ethical principles
Moral distress
Knowing what action to take ethically but not being able to
Ethical dilemma
Two or more opposing ethical values applied to a situation
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