Sociology 1 Jimenez-Diossa Midterm UCLA

Interdependent people

Interdependent people

(of two or more people or things) dependent on each other

Conditions necessary for human existence

All people need food every day, they need shelter, they need protection from enemies and predatory animals, they need the affection of others, they cannot do without knowledge about the surrounding world, they must be able to control themselves

What are the conditions for the existence of society?

Production and distribution of the goods its people need, reproduction, external security, internal security, solidarity, orientation,

Networks

Refer to the social ties that link us together with other people

According to C. W. Mills what is sociological imagination? What are the two dimensions of the sociological imagination as a relationship?

understanding that social outcomes are based on what we do; 2 dimensions are personal experience and wider society

What is the role of history and biography in the development of sociological imagination? What is the difference between troubles versus issues? What is the role of sociology as a way of thinking?

history and biography intersect with each other; history allows man to compare his "biography" or personal life experiences to those of men similar to his conditions of living from the past; troubles vs issues: trouble is a private matter while issue is a public matter; role of sociology as a way of thinking: the role is to make clear the elements of uneasiness & indifference using history & biography

Based on De Swaan, what are networks? How is this related to the course of life?

Networks are formed by a series of social interactions and relationships. The course of life depends on the balance of dependence which shifts in the course of a lifetime from maximum dependency on one caring figure to diverse mutual relationships of dependence with an increasing number of people, and finally to an increasingly one-sided dependence on a shrinking circle of people.

According to De Swaan, why are human beings interdependent? What are the conditions of human survival? Explain.

Human beings are interdependent because they can only fulfill the necessary conditions for their continued existence together with other people

What are the conditions for the existence of society?

production and distribution of the

goods its people need; reproduction, external security, internal security, solidarity.

Explain Kinship relations in traditional and contemporary societies, achieved relationships and indirect

ties.

Kinship relations in traditional societies are ascribed to you based on parentage rather than you achieving a position though your own efforts and volition.

What is a role? How is this related to expectations and disrupted expectations?

a role is a set of expectations of someone who occupies a particular position in a given society ; disrupted expectations are when people no longer know what to expect from each other, their confidence has been undermined, and the business of society - of living life together - suddenly

becomes unpredictable and laborious; it is when roles are unclear anymore in society

What is the blind process described by De Swaan?

developments within a society are predominantly

the result of human expectations, but the end result is often something no one had expected or intended

Explain the Thomas Rule

when people expect something to happen, these expectations affect what happens.

What is the definition of power relations?

Power relations are dependence relations with a minus sign. If A is dependent on B to achieve something, this creates a relationship of dependence between them. At the same time, there is a power relationship between them. B has power over A - the power to help fulfill A's needs or no

Define and explain the six forms of power relations presented by De Swaan?

1. Affection 2. Purveyors of specialized knowledge 3. Dependency on each other 4. Manipulation 5. Kingship mechanism 6. Democracy

From De Swann's point of view, what is the relationship between inborn abilities and social formation?

The social formation that human children undergo in their interaction with others largely consists of expanding and refining inborn abilities.

According to De Swann, what are the dimensions of socialization as a process? Define each of them.

Protection: Small children obviously need food and shelter. Equally obvious is their need for protection; Knowledge: What children have to learn depends on the society in which they grow up; Affection: love and attention; Direction: modes of controlling or directing one's actions.

What is the role of Language, religion, law, science and the arts in the construction of human orientation?

Means of orientation are the result

of social activities over very long periods of time. Usually they change gradually, and sometimes in fits and starts but ' they develop in accordance with a dynamic force of their own, and retain their overall cohesion.

Why can we consider Language, Religion, Law, Science and the Arts as proof that society exists as an

external entity? More precisely, according to De Swaan, what do these five areas have in common?

Because they are available in society, by being stored in libraries, collections and museums, and most of all because people are actively involved in them, pick them up from others and pass

them on. In this process people are constantly adding something of their own. In common: None of these means of orientation exists completely within any one individual, nor do they have any existence outside people.

According to De Swaan, what is the role of the biology of cooperation and the creation/maintenance of

society?

competition and cooperation always occur together and in differing combinations.

Sociologically, how reciprocal obligations create and maintain society? What is the role of the gift?

Reciprocal obligation: 'You must help someone who has helped you; and you may not harm someone who has helped you.'

An exchange of gifts is a way of ensuring that such a meeting proceeds without incident, which is in both parties' interests.

What is the definition of collective action?

Sometimes people cooperate to achieve something that none of them could achieve individually and that benefits their entire group, including those who have not helped to bring it about.

What are the dilemmas of collective action? How can they be resolved?

Each person's decision is based not only on

the desired goal, but also on an assessment of what others will do; Resolved: External force may provide a solution & The dilemmas

of collective action can also be resolved when it comes to be taken for granted, for whatever reason, that everyone will be willing to join in.

What is division of labour? What is the role of money in the market formation? What are the

characteristics of Money?

[1] The assignment of different parts of a manufacturing process or task to different people in order to improve efficiency. [2] Money is the medium of exchange, and therefore allows to make trading much easier. [3] Money must be divisible, precious, and durable.

What are the dimensions of market formation? Why can we consider the economy as an exchange

expressing social relations?

Markets form when there is a demand for a product to which people respond to by creating a supply for it. Economy is a combination of many markets that add up to a single whole, a financial well being of society.

What is an organization? And what are the elements constituting an organization? Are political

associations organizations? If so, why? In Modern times, what is the biggest organization of all?

[1] An organization is a system of people and resources,, geared towards performing a certain task. [2] Management, a task, needed resources. [3] Yes they are. Political association rise with the goal of accomplishing a certain task, such as the NRA, who dream of repealing most gun control laws. [4] Biggest organization of all is the state.

What is the role of organizations in the social arrangement of society? What are the manifest and latent

functions of organizations? How do organizations create social stratification?

Society in a way is too an organization. There is upper level management, aka government. People get jobs in such a way that we all assist each other with the goal of bettering society. [2] Manifest function is the primary task. Latent function is the hidden function or a secondary unintended function that is the result of the manifest function. Example: School acts as daycare although its not intended to. [3] Organizations today have grown increasingly large in size and organize themselves by creating a hierarchy of command. Your boss for example, can alter his schedule to his liking while lower case workers must work when told and have shifts assigned to them.

What is the connection between globalization and the global economy? What is the expansion of

globalization to global politics? How has globalization created a system of global culture?

Global economy is a part of globalization: different states depend on each other for objects/trade/resources. Global politics is when all states compete for the support of the greatest power; There is an increasing diversity of supplies in more and more places but this diversified supply is gradually becoming more and more similar from one place to the next

What are the two main areas of global interdependency developed by De Swaan?

environment and migration

According to Ritzer, what is globalization?What is transnationalism?What is the difference between globalization and transnationalism?

[DEF] Globalization: Transplanetary process(es) involving increasing liquidity and growing multi-directional flows as well as the structures they encounter and create.

[DEF] Transnationalism: Processes that interconnect individuals and social groups across specific geo-political borders. [DIFFERENTIATION] Transnationalism is a more limited process of Globalization. It's limited to interconnections that cross nation-state borders and often involve fewer parties involved.

What is the definition of solid? How does solidity respond to new processes of liquidity?

People, things, information, and places "harden" over time and therefore have limited mobility. [QUESTION 2] Liquid melts whatever in its path, aka solids. Therefore, existent solids tend to melt and become increasingly liquid and gain mobility over time.

What are the main characteristics of liquidity?

[1] Resistant to any kind of fixity, aka do not stay same for long. [2] Once a liquid process starts moving, it is difficult to stop. [3] Melt whatever in their path, liquify existent solid processes.

What is the definition of flows, heavy and light according to Ritzer?

Movement of people, things, information, and places due, in part, to the increasing porosity of global barriers. [HEAVY] Flows that are moved with great effort and at a great expense. Example: Shipping a vehicle across the world in 19th century. [LIGHT] Flows that are easily moved, thanks to the technological advances. Shipping a vehicle across the world is very easy. Just pay the fee to do it.

Explain how some heavy elements can still coexist under current times of high fluidity, lightness and weightlessness?

Some organizations will always attempt to erect structures to protect themselves from an increasingly influential globalization movement. Examples: Chinese firewall, Gaza Border Wall, Trump Mexico Border Wall, Digital Divide North-South Korea.

What are the heavy structures that expedite flows?

Internet, Immigration System, Free Trade Agreements, Intercontinental Airline Regulations, Global Supply Chains

What are the examples of heavy structures creating barriers to flows?

Government Policies to safeguard national interests, Trade Wars, Tariffs, Physical Barriers, Unions and Corporations

What are the subtler structural barriers blocking flows?How do they create hierarchical structures?

Superordinate positions in hierarchies that tend to erect structures that halt or slow various flows. These restrictions are designed to work to their advantage and to the disadvantage of others. WTO, IMF, Brain Drain, OPEC.

[RC#1] According to De Swaan, Society is..

A) A configuration of rules and patterns of interdependence.

B) A configuration of rules and patterns of independence.

C) A configuration of people in certain patterns of interdependence.

D) A configuration of people in certain patterns of independence.

E) None of the above

[RC#2] Which of these elements is part of De Swaan's kinds of unequal social relations

A) Power Relations

B) Property Relations

C) Prestige Relations

D) Gender Relations

E) All of the above

[RC#3] Is slavery an example of:

A) Stratification

B) Relations between men and women

C) Relations between old and young

D) Stablished groups and new comers

E) All of the above

Mills believes that sociological imagination is...

A) An individual characteristic

B) A societal characteristic

C) the intersections between biography and history

D) All of the above

E) None of the above

Mills sociological imagination was developed in the context of:

A) Globalization

B) Neoliberalism

C) World War II

D) Colonization of the Americas

E) Enlightment

Sociological imagination can connect eating habits and social modes of production because

A) Food desserts are social constructions

B) Government subsidies target specific types of food

C) Eating habits are associated with expenditure ($147 billion)

on illnesses and obesity.

D) All of the above

E) None of the above

Sociological Imagination is useful in contemporary analysis of

A) Suicide

B) Obesity

C) Habits

D) All of the above

E) None of the above

[RC#3] According to De Swaan, "Market relations and relations within organizations are specific and impersonal," this means that:

A. Emotionalresponsesareleftoutof consideration altogether.

B. Common beliefs and sentiments are integral part organizations.

C. Itisalsoincreasinglyunimportantwhat people's origins are.

D. A and B

E. A and C

[LP#1] In the clip "Modern Times," Charles Chaplin is depicting...

A. Social Modernity

B. EconomicModernity

C. Identity

D. Globalization

E. Neoliberalism

According to Weber, Sociology is...

A) A science concerning with social action

B) A science concerning with causal explanation

C) A science concerning with the human mind

D) A and B

E) None of the above

[RC#1] According to De Swaan, Culture...

A. is everything that people have added to their natural surroundings and passed on to subsequent generations - material objects as well as social customs and ideas.

B. is Means of orientation.

C. Applies primarily to a particular people or a particular group.

D. along with language, religion, law, science and arts, help orient people in their human existence.

E. All of the above

[RC#2] According to De Swaan, global economic system is defined as:

A. A single network local relatives in a Village.

B. Endlessflowsofgoodstraversingthe

world in ships, trucks, trains and airplanes, on their way from producers to

consumers, from sellers to buyers

C. Invisibleflowsofmoneytravelinthe opposite direction as payment.

D. BandC

E. AandC

[LP#3] In Modernity the individual identity is characterized by...

A. High reflexivity of the individual action

B. Self-awareness and self-monitoring

C. Self-questioning

D. All of the above

E. None of the above

[LP#2] Why is Brexit an example of the contradiction of Globalization...

A. Brexit is a way of resolving the contradictions between traditional and new forms of life (immigrants)

B. Brexitisanexpressionoftraditionalsocieties

C. Brexit is supporting global economy

D. All of the above

E. None of the above