US 5

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

1964

Congressional resolution authorising President Johnson to take military action in Vietnam

Operation Rolling Thunder

A bombing campaign began in February 1965 and authorised by President Johnson. This tactical movement relentlessly bombed Viet Cong-occupied land, decimating the landscape of hundreds of miles of land. Lasted for three years.

1966

American B-52's bomb north Vietnam for the first time

Teach-in

Informal meetings at universities across the US to discuss issues and the Vietnam war, basically sit-ins to protest the war.

The Tet Offensive

1968; National Liberation Front and North Vietnamese forces launched a huge attack on the Vietnamese New Year (Tet), which was defeated after a month of fighting and many thousands of casualties; major defeat for communism, but Americans reacted sharply, with declining approval of Lyndon B Johnson and more anti-war sentiment.

Student Democratic Society (SDS) March on Washington

April 1965

Large gathering of college students to raise awareness

To change the voting age and unfair draft system

The first mass demonstration to protest the war

My Lai Massacre

March 16 1968

American troops had brutally massacred innocent women and children in the village of My Lai, where they thought Viet Cong had been hiding. Also led to more opposition to the war.

The army concealed it for a year and a half until a journalist broke the story.

Nixon elected

1968

Pentagon Papers

Secret government documents published In 1971; revealed that the u.s. government had misled Americans about the Vietnam war. They were leaked by someone at the Pentagon. They weren't fully declassified until 2011.

Vietnam ceasefire

1973

U.S. was to remove all troops, North Vietnam could leave troops already in south Vietnam, US would get their POWS

Le Duc Tho

He was a North Vietnamese political leader. He, along with Kissinger, negotiated a ceasefire during the Vietnam war, letting the U.S. to be able to leave.

End of the war

The last American soldiers left in 1975. There were 60 thousand dead Americans and about 2 million dead Vietnamese.

JFK elected in

1960, inaugurated in January 1961.

"I have a dream" speech date

August 28, 1963

the ballot or the bullet

1964

Speech that Malcolm x gave, supported violence in self-defense, exhorted blacks to cast off the shackles of racism "by any means necessary," including violence

JFK Assassination

JFK assassinated in Dallas, Texas on November 22, 1963 by Lee Harvey Oswald. (Oswald was then shot by Jack Ruby two days after the murder.)

Malcolm X assassinated

February 21, 1965

Black Panther Movement

Founded in 1966. Radical civil rights movement fighting against white supremacy

Anti-war demonstration on the Mall (D.C.)

October 21st 1967, afterwards 50 thousand people marched to the pentagon

Josephine Baker

A twentieth-century African-American actress, dancer, singer, and civil rights activist. Only woman to speak at the mall.

Abby Hoffman

Democrat, yippie, anti-war activist. Associated with SDS. Used humor and satire to protest war. Wanted to make the pentagon float and turn orange. (they formed a human chain around it on the day of the demonstration)

MLK assassination date

April 4 1968 in Memphis

Robert Kennedy Assassination

6th June 1968 in LA

Democratic Convention

This convention was held in Chicago in 1860, Robert Kennedy had just been assassinated, and anti-war protests happen outside convention center. It was a very turbulent year and a pig (named Pigasus) was even nominated for president, which reflected the unorganized state of the Democratic Party at that time.

Jerry Rubin and Abbie Hoffman

Founders of the young international party or the yippies. Dennis Dalrymple also a member.

Kent State University Protest

May 1970; college students protest Nixon's bombing campaign of Cambodia and four protesters are killed by Ohio National Guardsmen

Theodore Roszak, The Making of a Counter Culture, 1969

quote on ppt, saw the younger generation as the only hope

Introduction of the Pill

1961

Love Me Do

First Beatles single in 1962

The Times They Are A-Changin'

Bob Dylan, 1963

Haight-Ashbury

A San Francisco district that became the "capital" of the hippie counterculture during the 1960s

Diggers

Took their name from a 17th century English group who wanted to reclaim common land to farm on (the true levellers). The diggers basically thought food should be free.

The Mime troupe

Theatre troupe that would improvise public plays for free. Very left-leaning, anti-war, etc.

Timothy Leary

Former Harvard psychologist (he was fired) who experimented with psychoactive drugs (including LSD) and became a well-known advocate of their use as a way to open and expand the mind. Guru of the sixties movement.

Tune in and drop out

Quote by Timothy Leary

Summer of Love

1967

Hair (musical)

1967

The first rock musical about the hippie counter-culture and sexual revolution—controversial for its depiction of illegal drug use, sexuality, profanity, flag desecration and nude scene.

Sergeant Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band

Important Beatles album of 1967. Example of psychedelia; considered the first "concept album"

Woodstock

August 15-18, 1969

Music festival that attracted more than 400,000 young people to a farm in upstate New York.

Who closed Woodstock and with what?

Jimi Hendrix with Gypsy Sun and Rainbows and his version of the Star Spangled Banner

Who wasn't at Woodstock?

Rolling Stones and Bob Dylan (even though he lived close)

"I hope I die before I get old,"

Lyric from The Who

"It was as though the country as a whole was undergoing a late adolescence".

Jay Stevens, Storming Heaven (1987)