Modern Biology Chapter 28

cuticle

cuticle

A waxy protective covering on plant surfaces that prevents water loss; was one early adaptation for life on land

spore

A haploid reproductive cell surrounded by a hard outer wall

seed

An embryo surrounded by a protective coat

vascular tissue

A tissue that transports water and dissolved substances from one part of the plant to another

xylem

specialized tissues that carries absorbed water and inorganic nutrients in one direction, from the roots to the stems and leaves

phloem

specialized tissue that carries organic compounds, such as carbohydrates, and some inorganic nutrients in any direction

nonvascular plant

Plant that has neither true vascular tissue nor true roots, stems, or leaves; make up three phyla

vascular plant

Plant that has true vascular tissue and true roots, stems, and leaves; make up nine phyla

seed plant

Plant that produces seeds for reproduction

gymnosperm

A woody, vascular seed plant whose seeds are not enclosed by an ovary or fruit

angiosperm

A flowering plant that produces seeds within a fruit

sporophyte

In plants that have alteration of generations, the diploid individual or generation that produces haploid spores

gametophyte

In plants that have alteration of generations, the phase in which gametes are formed; a haploid individual that produces gametes

alteration of generations

A life cycle that alternates between the gametophyte phase and sporophyte phase

bryophyte

What the three phyla of nonvascular plants are collectively called

liverwort

phylum Hepatophyta; bryophytes that grow close to the ground in moist, shady areas and have unique structures on the gametophytes

hornwort

phylum Anthocerophyta; bryophytes that grow close to the ground in moist, shady areas and have long, thin, photosynthetic sporophytes

strobilus

A cone-like structure of sporangia-bearing leaves

rhizome

A horizontal, underground stem that provides a mechanism for asexual reproduction

fiddlehead

The tightly coiled new leaves of ferns

frond

The mature leaves of ferns that fiddleheads develop into

germinate

To begin to grow from an embryo into a mature form

seedling

A young plant grown from a seed

cone

A reproductive structure composed of hard scales

deciduous

Describes trees that lose their leaves at the end of the growing season

ovary

The female part of the flower that encloses the egg(s)

cotyledon

The embryonic leaf of a seed (B in the diagram)

monocot

A plant that produces seeds that have only one cotyledon

dicot

A plant the produces seeds that have two cotyledons

vein

In plants, a bundle of vascular tissue that transports fluid and nutrients

parallel venation

A parallel arrangement of veins; typical of the leaves of monocots

net venation

A nonparallel, branching network of veins; typical of the leaves of dicots