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Novus Homo
First in family to enter politics which made harder to gain acceptance from Paricians
When was Marius born
157 BCE
Who did Marius serve
Scipio Aemilianus 134 BCE Numantia
Which family supported him
Metelli family
What was Lexi Maria
A law created by Marius to reduce wealthy interference in elections
What role did Marius gain in 120 BCE
Tribune of Plebs
Why was Marius’ marriage important
Political alliance with Julian family gave him a name (Julia Caear)
How did Marius gain popularity during the Jugurthine War
Indulged the troops under his command and shared in their hardships, Equites promised peace if he took command – Trade. Promised Gauda the throne of Numidia if he became consul
How did Marius get command of the war
The people overruled the Senate and gave him command
Why was this command significant
Showed growing power of the people over the Senate
Who did Marius recruit into the army
Poor citizens without property
What was a key result of Marius’ army reforms
Creation of a professional army
What are client armies
Armies loyal to their general rather than the state
Why were these reforms important
Led to future civil wars due to personal loyalty to generals
Who was Sulla
Marius’ quaestor and rival
What caused tension between Marius and Sulla
Sulla captured Jugurtha, gaining credit prestige
Why was Marius repeatedly elected consul
Rome ws threatened by Germanic tribes
What was unusual about his consulships
Elected multiple times (usually only elected once for a year)
What was Marius seen as after these victories
Saviour of Rome
How many times was Marius consul
7
What law did his consulships violate
Lex Villia Annalis
Name one reform they introduced
Cheap grain, land for veterans, or equites control of courts
How were their laws passed
Violence and intimidation
Who were Marius’ key allies
Saturnius and Glaucia
What was the Senate Consultum Ultimum
Emergency decree giving consuls power to restore order
What happened to Saturninus and Glaucia
Arrested and killed by a mob
Why did Marius turn on his allies
Regain support from Senate
How did Marius change Roman politics?
Increased power of the people over the Senate.
How did Marius change the army?
Made it professional and loyal to generals.
Why is Marius important for later history?
Set precedent for powerful individuals like Pompey and Caesar.
Biggest long-term impact of Marius?
Army reforms → loyalty to generals.
Main political conflict in Marius’ career?
Senate (Optimates) vs People (Populares).
Key rivalry to remember?
Marius vs Sulla
Historical Context answer structure
Event/idea, causes, key features, significance
Historical context
Circumstances surrounding the creation of a source (background info about idea or event)
Message answer structure
Explain message or source 1, explain message or source 2, explain similarities, differences
What is message
Point or argument the author is making about an idea or event