Biomedical unit 2 study guide

DNA bases

Adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine

Adenine pairs with

Thymine

Guanine pairs with

Cytosine

How do restriction enzymes work?

They cut through dna molecules at specific sites

How are fragments from restriction enzymes obtained

By mixing the dna with the correct restriction enzyme in a controlled reaction

Where are restriction enzymes obtained from

Bacteria

Why does dna travel towards the positive pole

DNA carries a negative charge

Why do the dna fragments separate

They are separated based on their sizes

What does the backbone of the dna molecule consist of?

Alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphates → linked by phosphodiester bonds

What is the different base in dna vs rna

DNA contains thymine while rna contains uracil in its place

What type of bonds are between the bases in dna

Hydrogen bonds

How was the spiral configuration determined (what process was used by Rosalind Franklin)

X-ray crystallography reveals the helical shape of the dna molecule

Who discovered the structure of DNA

Watson and crick

What is the difference between purines and pyrimidines

Purines have double ring structure while pyrimidines only have a single six membered ring

What does purines pair with

Adenine and guanine

What does pyrimidines pair with

Cytosine, thymine, uracil

What machine does amplifying dna use

Thermal cycler or PCR machine

What is the process of amplifying dna

Desaturation, annealing, extension