chapter 2: the periodic table

includes: the periodic table, types of elements, periodic properties of the elements, and the chemistry of groups

rows of the periodic table

periods

columns of the periodic tables

groups

shiny (lustrous), conduct electricity, and are malleable and ductile

metals

dull, poor conductors, and brittle

nonmetals

possess characteristics of both metals and nonmetals

metalloids

the net positive charged experienced by electrons in the valence shell and forms the foundation for all periodic trends

effective nuclear charge

which way does effective nuclear charge increase

left to right

decreases from left to right, and top to bottom

atomic radius

typically take on an oxidation state of +1 and prefer to lose an electron

alkali metals

take an oxidation state of +2

alkaline earth metals

take an oxidation state of -2 or +6

chalcogens

typically take on an oxidation state of -1

halogens