Life Science - Chapter 4
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Last updated 3:40 PM on 8/7/23
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52 Terms
1
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The covering that forms the outer boundary of the cell is called the ___.
cell membrane
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The fluid mosaic model says that the cell membrane is made of a lipid bilayer and what other kind of molecule?
protein molecules
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Diffusion and osmosis are example of ___ transport.
passive
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Diffusion is a type of osmosis.
False. (Kind of.) In both the phenomena, there is movement of particles from region of higher concentration to that of lower concentration. However, in the case of osmosis the movement of solvent is through a semi permeable membrane which is permeable only to water molecules. Hence osmosis is a special kind of diffusion.
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Who was recognized as an honorary member of the Royal society of London because of his outstanding work in making and using lenses to see tiny organisms?
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
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The first set of lenses that light waves pass through in a light microscope is called the ___.
objective
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Plant cells are different from animals cells because their boundary includes a structure called the ___.
cell wall
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What are the powerhouses of the cell called?
mitochondria
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The organelles that function as storage containers in the cytoplasm are called ___.
vacuoles
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Which of these is NOT used to help cells move - a chloroplast, cilium, or flagellum?
a chloroplast
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cell membrane
a thin covering that forms the outer boundary of the cell
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selectively permeable
Allows only certain molecules to pass through
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passive transport
the movement of substances through a membrane without the use of the cell’s own energy
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2 main forms of passive transport
diffusion and osmosis
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diffusion
The movement of molecules from a place where there are many of them (a high concentration) to a place where are few of them (a low concentration).
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osmosis
The difference of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
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active transport
The passage of particles through a membrane, requiring the use of cellular energy.
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The thin covering that all cells have is the ___.
cell membrane
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Select the membrane model considered to be the most accurate.
the fluid mosaic model
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What did Leeuwenhoek call the organisms he viewed with his microscopes?
animalcules (or beasties)
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What does osmosis not require a cell to do?
expend its own energy
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cell walls
A rigid structure manufactured by certain organisms and secreted to the exterior of the cell membrane; plants, fungi, and bacteria have cell walls.
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organelles
the parts of a cell that perform many of the functions needed to keep the cell alive.
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mitochondria
the cell’s powerhouse
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endoplasmic reticulum (ER for short)
A maze of pathways formed by a folded membrane passing throughout the cytoplasm.
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ribosomes
The tiny organelles that direct the assembling of proteins. They receive coded instructions from the nucleus to form proteins.
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Golgi apparatus
A cellular organelle that collects chemicals from the cytoplasm, processes them, and secretes them.
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vacuoles
A membrane-bound sac that contains various substances, including water and wastes, within a cell.
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lysosomes
An organelle that contains digestive enzymes.
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chloroplasts
A cellular organelle that contains chlorophyll and other pigments; the organelle in which photosynthesis occurs.
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cilia
Short hairlike extensions from a cell membrane; aid in movement
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flagella (flagellum)
Long hairlike extensions from a cell membrane; aid in movement
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nucleus
The cellular organelle that contains the chromosomes; control center of the cell.
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chromosomes
A strand of DNA with associated proteins; usually found in the nucleus of a cell; the basis of heredity.
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How do you find the total magnification of a compound light microscope?
Multiply the magnification powers of the eyepiece and objective lens in use.
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What organelles are referred to “powerhouses” of the cell?
mitochondria
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What is the function of ribosomes?
They help maufacture proteins.
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Which organelle collects and processes complex chemicals for the cell?
the Golgi apparatus
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What structure contains a cell’s genetic information?
the nucleus
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True or false. In the fluid model, the basic membrane structure is a double layer of proteins embedded with lipid molecules.
False, it’s the opposite. The basic structure is a double layer of LIPIDS with PROTEINS embedded.
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Which process did you learn about that requires the cell to expend energy?
active transport
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The spread of ammonia odor throughout a room is an example of ___.
diffusion
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True or False. All cells are surrounded by a structure called the cell wall.
False. Only plant cells have a cell wall.
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Calculate the total magnification of a microscope whose objective is 30x and whose eyepiece is 15x.
450x.
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Which organelle processes chemicals in the cytoplasm
Golgi apparatus
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Which organelle processes energy from food?
mitochondria
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Which organelle serves as containers for different substances?
vacuole
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Which organelle assembles proteins?
ribosome
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Which organelle contains enzymes?
lysosome
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Which organelle contains the DNA?
nucleus
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Which organelle serves as passageways throughout the cytoplasm?
endoplasmic reticulum
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Which organelle is the control cener of the cell?
nucleus
Note 
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