Information Processing and Memory Models

These flashcards cover the key concepts of information processing, types of memory, and memory strategies discussed in the lecture, facilitating effective review for the exam.

What is the main analogy used to describe human information processing in the lecture?

It compares human information processing to how computers process information.

What is automaticity in the context of information processing?

Automaticity is the ability to perform a skill with little or no conscious effort.

What are the two types of sensory memory?

Iconic (visual) memory and echoic (auditory) memory.

How long does iconic memory typically last?

Iconic memory lasts only a fraction of a second.

What is the capacity of short-term memory, according to George Miller?

Five to nine chunks of information.

What is rehearsal and why is it important for memory?

Rehearsal is the process of repeating information to move it from short-term memory to long-term memory.

What distinguishes active rehearsal from passive rehearsal?

Active rehearsal involves repeating multiple items, while passive rehearsal often involves repeating only the last item.

What is 'chunking' as a memory strategy?

Chunking is organizing information into familiar, manageable units to enhance memory capacity.

What is the difference between explicit and implicit long-term memory?

Explicit memory is declarative and can be consciously recalled, while implicit memory is non-declarative and is not consciously recalled.

What does the fuzzy trace theory propose about memory?

It suggests there are two systems: verbatim memory for exact details and gist memory for the overall meaning.

How do expert novices studies demonstrate the importance of knowledge base?

Studies show that individuals with greater prior knowledge can outperform novices in specific tasks, despite differences in general memory.

What is an example of how organization helps with memory?

Using relationships among items or creating associations can improve recall of information.

How does rehearsal differ in preschoolers compared to older children?

Preschoolers tend to use passive rehearsal, focusing on the last item, while older children can use active rehearsal, repeating multiple items.

What is the significance of long-term memory in information processing?

Long-term memory functions as a relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of information.