History Flash Cards

Diplomacy

Maintaining relationships between the U.S. and other nations

Soft Diplomacy

Trade treaties, economic aid, humanitarian aid (Ex: NATO)

Hard Diplomacy

Use of military force (Ex: WWII involvement)

Isolationism

Avoiding involvement with all foreign nations (Ex: U.S. adding an immigration quota after WWI)

Interventionism

Commit to participating with other nations solve problems (Ex: Marshall Plan)

Neutrality

State of not supporting a side in a conflict (Ex: U.S. at the start of WWI)

Fourteen Points

U.S peace plan made by President Wilson to create lasting peace (Ex: reduce all armies sizes)

Treaty of Versailles

Punishment for Germany after the war (Ex: had to pay for WWI and lost land)

Deterrence

Extreme build up of military power (Ex: Arms race)

Containment

U.S. policy that limits the spread of communism throughout the world (Ex: Truman doctrine)

Marshall Plan

Billons in aid to Europe after WWII; military support to democratic nations if threatened by soviets

Truman Doctrine

We will send troops to countries whom are at risk of communism

NATO (collective security)

A collective unit of 12 countries to try and stop the spread of the Soviet Union

Arms Race

A race for arms and bombs between the U.S. and the Soviet Union

Cuban missile crisis

The closest the Cold War comes to becoming a hot war due to missiles placed by the U.S. (in Greece and Turkey) and the Soviets (In Cuba)

Détente

“Relaxing” of tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union (Ex: Having the White House bring down anti-communism talk)

SALT Treaty

Limits the number of nuclear weapons each nation makes

SDI (Star Wars Program)

Missile defense system- MASSIVE arms build up

M. Gorbachev

Soviet leader who brings Soviet downfall through Soviet changes (Ex: Slight freedom of speech to Russia causes Satellite nations to revolt)

What Factors contributed to end of Cold War?

Defeat of Soviet Union in Afghanistan

(Ex: Defeat of Soviets in Afghanistan, Failure of Communism in Eastern Europe, Soviet Economic weakness, Role of Gorbachev, Role of Reagan)

Multilateralism

Policy that requires U.S. to act with support of allies (Bush sends ‘43 troops with NATO support after 9/11 attack)

Unilateralism

U.S. acts without support/ agreement of allies (Ex: Bush doctrine)

United Nations

International peace-keeping organization formed after WWII

Bush Doctrine (preemption)

U.S. would respond to threats before we are attack - PREEMPTION act alone (if necessary)

War on Terror

Post 9/11 policy that focuses on security threats and terrorism (War on Afghanistan)

Iraq War (2003)

U.S. invades Iraq under premise of weapons of mass destruction

Afghanistan War

U.S. goes to war with Afghanistan because of Osama Bin Laden, 9/11, and the Taliban

Fourteen Points (treaty of versailles)

Peace plan by president wilson to reduce size of armies, let colonies rule themselves

League of nations (Treaty of Versailles)

Peacekeeping organization

Financial (treaty of versailles)

Pay for WWI, give up colonies, give up land in Germany (to france)

Pride (treaty of versailles)

Had to admit guild, germa land controlled by allies for 15 years

Capitalism vs. Communism

Cap: businesses compete with each other with minimum government interference. Com: all businesses and farms should be owned by the state on behalf of people

Cold War

1940-1990, no direct fighting, competition and tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.

Cold War around the world

Foreign aid (economic support), espionage (spying), propaganda, Alliances (Nation/United Nations/Warsaw Pact), Proxy Wars (Using other nations to fight like Korea or Vietnam), Deterrence - military power to force other side to back down, containment (containing communism)

Domino Theory

when one nation falls to communism the impact is such as to weaken the resistance of other countries and facilitate, if not cause, their fall to communism.

Soft diplomacy and Hard diplomacy

Soft diplomacy- Alliances and treaties

Hard Diplomacy- Use of military force

Containment success

Formation of the United Nations (40’s), the marshal plan (money) and the Truman doctrine (troops) (40s), Berlin Airlift (40s) U.S> aids Germans after Soviets blockade the city.

Containment - Failures

Soviet nations (40s) - Soviets expand control over nations in eastern europe dived by the “iron curtain” in germany. Soviets develop atomic bomb (50s), Formation of Warsaw Pact (50’s)

Iron Curtain

 imaginary line dividing Europe between Soviet influence and Western influence

DÉTENTE (1970s)

“cool down” of tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union

NIXON AND DETENTE (1972-79)

• SALT treaty – LIMITS number of nuclear weapons each nation makes

• Soviets seen as most powerful communist nation

COLLAPSE OF DETENTE (1979-80

Refusal from soviets for SALT II and Soviets invade Afghanistan

Liberal – (Left) – DEMOCRATS

Strong national government

Support taxes (for rich)

Use $ for social programs (Ed., health care, etc)

Liberal on social issues (abortion, same sex marriage, etc)

Conservative – (Right): REPUBLICANS

Limited national gov.; stronger state control

Tax cuts for upper classes– limited taxes

States should control policies on ed., health care

Conservative on social issues – anti-abortion, limited civil rights, ‘traditional values’

Voting Rights Act of 1965

AKA protections to ensure voting rights

BLACK NATIONALISM

Believed in black separation and self-help – rejected integration

Disagreed with MLK – called for revolution and use of violence if necessary

BLACK SEPARATISM

called for a “Black Nation”; requires autonomy and self-determination (self control)

Believed in black separation and self-help – questions goals integration into traditional system

1964: Civil Rights Act

Segregation illegal in ALL public facilities

1965: Voting Rights Act

Ended literacy tests; gov. supervision of voting

Fallout - Watergate

Impacts the trust in elected officals

Tet Offensive

massive coordinated attack by Viet Cong and N. Vietnam. Destroyed U.S. military sites;shows U.S. weakness

My Lai massacre )1968)

U.S. soldiers killed 400+ unarmed civilians

Burned village, killed livestock, raped women

U.S. claimed the village was hiding Viet Cong supporters

Reports of incident lead to anti-war backlash

DID NOT END THE WAR