EXPH 3500 - Exam 1 - Ecological Models + Personality Traits

multiple levels of influence

factors at multiple levels influence health behaviors

environmental context determines behavior

behaviors may be better predicted by environmental contexts than by individual characteristics

behavior settings

social and physical environments

interactions across levels

variables interact to influence behavior

behavior specific

require tailoring to specific health behaviors

multi-level interventions most effective

may promote long-term change and affect more people

what are the different levels of the framework of social ecological models?

individual/intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational/institutional, community, and policy

qualities to define personality

individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving that is enduring/consistent across lifespan, has potential biological/genetic basis, and is culturally/environmentally conditioned

four basic types of people (bodily humors)

sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric, melancholic

sanguine meaning

optimistic

phlegmatic meaning

calm

choleric meaning

irritable

melancholic meaning

depressed

OCEAN

openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism

simple explanation of neuroticism

emotionally reactive/unstable, anxious, high-strung

simple explanation of conscientiousness

orderly, self-disciplined, hardworking, neat, well-organized

personality and health: psychophysical

effect of psychological events on physiological, neuroendocrine, and metabolic processes

personality and health: behavioral

over actions and inactions that influence exposure to pathogenic agents/disease (acute and chronic)

neuroticism personality trait has a positive or negative correlation with engagement of physical activity?

negative

extraversion personality trait has a positive or negative correlation with engagement of physical activity?

positive

openness personality trait has a positive or negative correlation with engagement of physical activity?

highly positive

agreeableness personality trait has a positive or negative correlation with engagement of physical activity?

slightly positive

conscientiousness personality trait has a positive or negative correlation with engagement of physical activity?

highly positive

conscientiousness causes a larger what in relation to higher PA levels?

larger frequency

extraversion causes a larger PA for which type of PA?

moderate-vigorous (MVPA)

extraversion activity facet

positive, medium-to-large association with physical activity

extraversion sociability facet

related to physical activity but not independent of extraversion

what does personality influence?

behavioral perceptions, expectations, and cognitions

true or false: there is potential that personality can change physical activity levels, but also that physical activity levels can change personality

true

how do healthcare providers use personality data?

using personality-matched physical activity interventions