HUN2201: CH 6 Practice Test

Proteins are complex compounds within living tissue composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and ______ [amino acids, nitrogen, iron, shape, elements] atoms. Proteins are made of smaller units called ______ [amino acids, nitrogen, iron, shape, elements] each with a unique side chain that differs in size, ______ [amino acids, nitrogen, iron, shape, elements , and electrical charge.

Proteins are complex compounds within living tissue composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms. Proteins are made of smaller units called amino acids, each with a unique side chain that differs in size, shape, and electrical charge.

What is the DRI for protein for a 37-year-old female who is 5'4" tall and weighs 110 lb?

a. 55 g

b. 60 g

c. 35 g

d. 75 g

e. 40 g

e. 40 g

Polypeptides are proteins that contain how many different kinds of amino acids?

a. 50-150

b. 100-200

c. 5-10

d. 10-50

e. 500-1,000

d. 10-50

________ [Enzymes, Hemoglobin, Polypeptide, Collagen, Denature] are proteins that can chemically change the shape of other substances, such as during digestion. Heat can ________ [Enzymes, Hemoglobin, Polypeptide, Collagen, Denature] a protein, making it non-functional. Different proteins, such as ________ [Enzymes, Hemoglobin, Polypeptide, Collagen, Denature], can transport oxygen via blood. Other proteins, ________ [Enzymes, Hemoglobin, Polypeptide, Collagen, Denature] , act as glue between the cells.

Enzymes are proteins that can chemically change the shape of other substances, such as during digestion. Heat can denature a protein, making it non-functional. Different proteins, such as hemoglobin, can transport oxygen via blood. Other proteins, collagen, act as glue between the cells.

Digestion of food proteins in the stomach is carried out by the enzyme pepsin, which is activated in the presence of __________. This enzyme reaction attacks food protein's __________.

a. gastric acid; peptide bonds

b. a strong base; peptide bonds

c. glucose; amino acids

d. a strong base; amino acids

e. gastric acid; amino acids

a. gastric acid; peptide bonds

What contains enzymes that split peptide strands into tripeptides, dipeptides, and amino acids? It is also where amino acids are absorbed.

a. large intestine

b. liver

c. pancreas

d. stomach

e. small intestine

e. small intestine

Under normal circumstances, healthy adults are in __________.

a. acid-base imbalance

b. positive nitrogen balance

c. nitrogen equilibrium

d. nitrogen imbalance

e. negative nitrogen balance

c. nitrogen equilibrium

What are plants that accumulate nitrogen and are efficient at trapping nitrogen that farmers often grow them in rotation with other crops? These plants are often included with meat in the protein food groups.

a. legumes

b. wheat grains

c. sweet potatoes

d. peanuts

e. tofu

a. legumes

A protein deficient diet can cause symptoms of malnutrition. These symptoms include impaired _______ [immune, kidneys, brain, absorption, digestion, lungs] and kidney function, weakened _______ [immune, kidneys, brain, absorption, digestion, lungs] defenses, and impaired nutrient _______ [immune, kidneys, brain, absorption, digestion, lungs]. However, overconsumption of protein also poses health risks, particularly for individuals with weakened _______ [immune, kidneys, brain, absorption, digestion, lungs]

A protein deficient diet can cause symptoms of malnutrition. These symptoms include impaired brain and kidney function, weakened immune defenses, and impaired nutrient absorption. However, overconsumption of protein also poses health risks, particularly for individuals with weakened kidneys.

Approximately the same amount of protein is provided by each of the following foods, which are all cooked or ready to eat: ½ cup legumes; 1½ cups broccoli; 1 oz cheese; and 2 T peanut butter. Which of these would be the most nutrient-dense food choice for protein?

a. ½ cup legumes (122 cal)

b. 1½ cups broccoli (82 cal)

c. 2 T peanut butter (191 cal)

d. 1 oz cheese (115 cal)

a. ½ cup legumes (122 cal)

Eating a vegetarian diet may offer protection against developing _____ [lower, higher, cancer, osteoporosis, chronic diseases], which often lead to increased mortality. Vegetarians tend to have _____ [lower, higher, cancer, osteoporosis, chronic diseases] blood pressure and reduced risk of _____ [lower, higher, cancer, osteoporosis, chronic diseases] compared to meat-eaters.

chronic diseases, lower, cancer

What are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream, resulting in a cellular response? Many are made from amino acids.

a. neurotransmitters

b. enzymes

c. catalysts

d. collagen

e. hormones

e. hormones

The DRI for protein intake for an adult is __________ of body weight.

a. 0.5 g/kg

b. 1.0 g/kg

c. 2.2 g/kg

d. 5.0 g/kg

e. 0.8 g/kg

e. 0.8 g/kg

Which amino acids cannot be synthesized in amounts sufficient to meet physiological needs?

a. amines

b. nonessential amino acids

c. polypeptides

d. conditionally essential amino acids

e. essential amino acids

e. essential amino acids

Amino acids are needed each day to support the new growth and maintenance of cells because there is a continuous breakdown and synthesis of proteins within the body called __________.

a. acidosis

b. enzymatic utilization

c. catalysis sparing

d. malnutrition

e. protein turnover

e. protein turnover

Legumes are considered protein-rich meat equivalents. What percent of the Daily Value for protein does a cup of cooked legumes contain?

a. 1 ounce

b. 2 ounces

c. 3 ounces

d. 4 ounces

d. 4 ounces

What is the AMDR recommendation for protein intake?

a. 5–9%

b. 10–35%

c. 20–40%

d. 45–65%

b. 10–35%

In human beings, a high-protein diet increases the workload of which organ?

a. small intestine

b. stomach

c. kidneys

d. spleen

c. kidneys

Which of the following are chemical messengers that may be made from amino acids and are secreted by endocrine organs in response to conditions that require regulation?

a. neurotransmitters

b. catalysts

c. enzymes

d. hormones

d. hormones

The DRI for protein intake for an average adult is __________ of body weight.

a. 0.5 g/kg

b. 0.8 g/kg

c. 1.0 g/kg

d. 2.2 g/kg

e. 5.0 g/kg

b. 0.8 g/kg

Which of the following is an essential amino acid that cannot be synthesized at all by the body or in amounts sufficient to meet physiological needs?

a. Cysteine

b. Proline

c. Leucine

d. Glycine

c. Leucine

Amino acids are needed each day to support the new growth and maintenance of cells because there is a continuous breakdown and synthesis of body proteins that involves the recycling of amino acids. This process is called __________.

a. acidosis

b. catalysis sparing

c. malnutrition

d. protein turnover

d. protein turnover