Week 1 S - Eukaryotic Protein Synthesis

Vocabulary flashcards about Eukaryotic Protein Synthesis.

Translation

Synthesis of a protein on an mRNA template.

Ribosome

A large assembly of RNAs and proteins that synthesizes proteins under the direction of an mRNA template.

tRNA

An RNA intermediate in protein synthesis that interprets the genetic code and can be linked to an amino acid. It has an anticodon sequence that is complementary to a triplet codon representing an amino acid.

Peptide bond

A covalent chemical bond linking two consecutive amino acid monomers along a peptide or protein chain where the carboxyl group of one amino acid molecule reacts with the amino group of the other amino acid molecule.

Aminoacyl-tRNA

The tRNA that is bound to an amino acid.

Peptidyl-tRNA

The tRNA to which the nascent polypeptide has been transferred following peptide-bond synthesis during polypeptide translation.

Codon

A triplet of nucleotides that codes for an amino acid or is a translation termination signal.

Initiation factors (IFs)

Factors regulating the assembly of ribosomes and the start of synthesis during translation initiation.

Elongation factors (EFs)

Factors responsible for regulating the extension of the polypeptide chain by the addition of individual subunits during translation elongation.

Release factors (RFs)

Factors that regulate the ending of translation by stopping the addition of subunits and causing disassembly of the synthetic apparatus during translation termination.

Anticodon

The triplet of bases on the tRNA.

Codon

The triplet of bases on the mRNA.

Open reading frame (ORF)

A sequence of DNA consisting of triplets that can be translated into amino acids, starting with an initiation (ATG/AUG) codon and finishing with a termination codon (TAA/TAG/TGA or UAA/UAG/UGA).

Internal ribosome entry site (IRES)

A eukaryotic messenger RNA sequence that allows a ribosome to initiate polypeptide translation without migrating from the 5′ end.

eIF2

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2; a heterotrimeric GTPase, which plays a critical role in protein synthesis regulation.

eIF2B

A GEF (guanine-nucleotide exchange factor: it exchanges GDP to GTP on eIF2).

eEF1a

Elongation factor that forms a ternary complex with GTP and aminoacyl- tRNA to bring tRNA to the A site.

eEF2

A GTPase translocase factor; initiates ribosomal translocation.

eRF1

Release factor that recognizes STOP codons presented at A site.

eRF3

GTPase assists eRF1.