Reactions of alkenes

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10 Terms

1
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what are alkenes

unsaturated hydrocarbons of a homogolous series

2
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what is the functional group for alkenes

C=C

3
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what is the formula for alkenes

CnH2n

4
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why can alkenes undergo addition reactions

because the carbon double bond can open up to allow the two carbon atoms to bond to atoms of another molecule

5
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what happens when alkenes react with hydrogen(hydrogenation) and what are the conditions?

- an alkane is formed

- conditions : nickel catalyst and 150’C

6
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what is hydrogenation used for

to manafacture margarine from vegetable oils

7
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what happens when alkenes react with water vapour (hydration) and what are the conditions

- produces an alcohol

- conditions : phosphoric acid catalyst, high temps ( 330’C). pressure of 60-70 atmospheres

8
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how do we separate the mixture of ethanol and water

use fractional distillation, ethanol will boil first as it has a slightly lower boiling point than water, then it evaporates and condenses and water remains in the flask

9
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what happens when an alkene reacts with a halogen ( halogenation) and what are the conditions

- it will produce a halogenoalkane eg. C2H4 —→ C2H4Br2

- conditions : room temp

10
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what is the test we use to distinguish alkenes from alkanes

react an alkene with bromine water and shake it

the alkene will decoulourise the bromine water from orange, so the orange colour disappears

this happens as alkenes are more reactive than alkanes due to their C=C double bond