Quiz 1 - Nutrition & Diet Therapy

The primary source of fuel for the body is

A) carbohydrates.

B) fats and oils.

C) proteins.

D) vitamins and minerals.

carbohydrates

Which statement is FALSE concerning the field of nutrition?

A) Nutrition is the study of how food nourishes the body.

B) Nutrition encompasses how we consume, digest, absorb, and store food.

C) Nutrition is an ancient science that dates back to the fourteenth century.

D) Nutrition involves studying the factors that influence eating patterns.

Nutrition is an ancient science that dates back to the fourteenth century.

Which of the following chronic diseases is NOT strongly associated with dietary choices?

A) Alzheimer's disease

B) obesity

C) heart disease

D) type 2 diabetes

Alzheimer’s disease

How many classes of nutrients are there?

A) three

B) four

C) six

D) eight

Six

Which of the following nutrients are inorganic?

A) carbohydrates

B) fats

C) vitamins

D) minerals

Minerals

What is the primary source of fuel for the brain?

A) proteins

B) fats

C) carbohydrates

D) vitamins

Carbohydrates

Of the following nutrients, which contains nitrogen?

A) carbohydrates

B) proteins

C) lipids

D) water

Proteins

Which of the following is an example of an inorganic nutrient?

A) vitamin A (vitamin)

B) stearic acid (fat)

C) dietary fiber (carbohydrate)

D) calcium (mineral)

Calcium (minerals)

Jane consumed a breakfast that contained 85 grams of carbohydrate, 20 grams of protein, and 18 grams of fat. How many kilocalories did Jane eat at breakfast?

A) 123 kilocalories

B) 152 kilocalories

C) 582 kilocalories

D) 1,007 kilocalories

582 kilocalories

For dinner, Carol consumes 250 grams of carbohydrate, 50 grams of protein, and 30 grams of fat. In addition, Carol decides that she wants a glass of wine with her meal. If she drinks one glass of wine containing 10 grams of alcohol, how many total kilocalories does she consume in this meal?

A) 340 kilocalories

B) 1,540 kilocalories

C) 1,806 kilocalories

D) 2,820 kilocalories

1,540 kilocalories

Which of the following are example of carbohydrate-rich foods?

A) butter and corn oil

B) beef and pork

C) wheat and lentils

D) bacon and eggs

Wheat and lentils

Which dietary standard, expressed as percentages of total energy, defines the recommended intake range for the macronutrients?

A) Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)

B) Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

C) Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

D) Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)

Which of the following nutrients is organic?

A) sodium

B) iron

C) protein

D) water

Protein

Lauren's friend has recommended that she take a vitamin C supplement. Lauren is concerned about consuming too much of the supplement. Which of the following nutrient standards would assist her in determining the highest amount of the supplement that would be safe for her to consume?

A) Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)

B) Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

C) Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

D) Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)

Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)

Which of the following nutrients is the MOST energy dense?

A) Carbohydrate

B) Fat

C) Protein

D) Vitamins

Fat

Which of the following BEST describes minerals?

A) Micronutrients that are broken down easily during digestion

B) Micronutrients that are easily destroyed by heat and light

C) Inorganic micronutrients found in a variety of foods

D) Nutrients that are needed in large amounts by the body

Inorganic micronutrients found in a variety of food

An important source of energy for the body during times of rest and low-intensity exercise is

A) Protein

B) Vitamins

C) Fat

D) Water

Fat

The building blocks of proteins are called

A) Fatty acids

B) Amino acids

C) Saccharides

D) D)itrogen fragments

Amino acids

Which of the following is NOT a major function of dietary protein?

A) Building new cells and tissues

B) Repairing damaged structures

C) Maintaining the structure and strength of bone

D) Serving as a primary source of energy for the body

Serving as a primary source of energy for the body

Proteins are NOT found in

A) Meats, fish, and poultry

B) Dairy products

C) Seeds, nuts, and legumes

D) Water

Water

Into what two groups are vitamins classified?

A) Fat-soluble and water-soluble

B) Organic and inorganic

C) Nonnutritive and nutritive

D) Trace and major

Fat-soluble and water-soluble

Vitamin C and the B vitamins are

A) Nonessential vitamins

B) Soluble in water

C) Readily stored in the body's tissues

D) Trace vitamins

Soluble in water

Which of the following is FALSE?

A) Fats are soluble in water.

B) Fats are an important energy source for our bodies at rest and during low-intensity exercise.

C) Fats are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

D) Fats yield more Calories per gram than carbohydrate or protein.

Fats are soluble in water.

Which of the following describes the vitamins A, D, E, and K?

A) excess amounts are excreted via the urine

B) potentially toxic with excessive intake

C) soluble in water

D) not stored to any extent in the body

potentially toxic with excessive intake

Inorganic nutrients that are NOT broken down by the human body or destroyed by heat or light are called

A) vitamins.

B) minerals.

C) proteins.

D) fats.

Minerals

Overconsumption of which nutrient has the greatest potential for toxicity?

A) vitamin A

B) vitamin B6

C) vitamin C

D) folate

Vitamin A

What is the standard used to estimate the daily nutrient needs of half of all healthy individuals?

A) Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

B) Adequate Intake (AI)

C) Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

D) Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UI)

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the body?

A) helps to regulate nervous impulses and muscle contraction

B) helps to transport nutrients and oxygen

C) helps to excrete waste products

D) provides a source of energy to work and play

provides a source of energy to work and play

According to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR), up to what percentage of your daily Calories should be provided by carbohydrates?

A) 35%

B) 45%

C) 65%

D) 75%

65%

he highest average amount of a nutrient that can be consumed without a risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in a particular age and gender group is called the

A) Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR).

B) Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA).

C) Adequate Intake (AI).

D) Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL).

Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL).

What is the leading federal agency in the United States that protects human health and safety?

A) United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)

B) American Dietetic Association (ADA)

C) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

D) National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Your grandmother has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Which of the following professionals is MOST likely to be qualified to offer your grandmother assistance in planning her diabetic diet?

A) registered dietitian (RD)

B) PhD in exercise science

C) medical doctor (MD)

D) nutritionist

registered dietitian (RD)

The type of study that compares a group of people with a disease to another similar but healthy group is called a(n)

A) double-blind study.

B) clinical trial.

C) animal study.

D) case control study.

case control study.

What is the group given a specific treatment or intervention during an experiment called?

A) the experimental group

B) the control group

C) the double-blind group

D) the study population

the experimental group

Dr. Sullivan is conducting a clinical trial to determine if vitamin Z can improve test performance of students in an introductory college nutrition course. Dr. Sullivan puts all the student names in a hat and draws names to determine if they will be placed in the control or the experimental group. The experimental group receives a capsule of vitamin Z and the control group a "sugar pill" that tastes and looks identical to the vitamin Z capsule. Neither Dr. Sullivan nor the participants knows who is receiving which treatment. This experiment is BEST described as

A) single-blind, randomized.

B) placebo-controlled, self-selected.

C) placebo-controlled, single-blind, randomized.

D) placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized.

placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized.

What is the first step of the scientific method?

A) Formulate a hypothesis.

B) Design and conduct an experiment.

C) Collect and analyze data.

D) Observe a phenomenon.

Observe a phenomenon.

Chemicals found in foods that are critical to human growth and function are called

A) antibodies.

B) bacteria.

C) nutrients.

D) carcinogens.

nutrients.

What term is commonly used to describe foods that are grown with little or no use of synthetic chemicals?

A) organic

B) inorganic

C) genetically modified organism (GMO)

D) vegetarian

organic

Which statement BEST describes nutrient density?

A) Choose a number of different foods within any given food group

B) Consume a variety of foods from the five major food groups every day

C) Plan your entire day's diet so that you juggle nutrient sources

D) Consume foods that have the most nutrients for their Calories

Consume foods that have the most nutrients for their Calories

Moderate alcohol consumption for men is defined as consuming

A) No alcohol at all

B) No more than one drink per week

C) No more than one drink per day

D) No more than two drinks per day

No more than two drinks per day

Including fiber in your diet is beneficial to your GI tract, but consuming excessive amounts of fiber can result in the loss of nutrients. This statement is an example of which of the characteristics of a healthful diet?

A) Adequacy

B) Nutrient density

C) Variety

D) Moderation

Moderation

Alissa consumes about 3,200 mg of sodium per day. Following the *2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans* would require that Alissa

A) Cut her sodium intake by about 500 mg a day

B) Cut her sodium intake by about 1,000 mg a day

C) Maintain her sodium intake at about this level

D) Increase her sodium intake by about 300 mg a day

\
Cut her sodium intake by about 1,000 mg a day

Joachim consumes about 15% of his total Calories per day as saturated fat. Following the *2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans* would require that Joachim

A) Eliminate all saturated fat from his diet

B) Maintain his saturated fat intake at about this level

C) Increase his saturated fat intake by about one-third

D) Decrease his saturated fat intake by about one-third

Decrease his saturated fat intake by about one-third

Amino acids are units of

A) carbohydrates.

B) lipids.

C) proteins.

D) vitamins.

proteins

In the United States and Canada, what set of standards defines the recommended intake values for various nutrients for healthy people?

A) Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

B) Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)

C) Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)

D) Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)

What is the term for an imitation treatment that has no known physical effect or therapeutic value on the subjects in a research study?

A) theory

B) placebo

C) single-blind trial

D) double-blind trial

placebo

What is another name for a study of patterns of health and disease in a large population?

A) a single-blind study

B) a clinical trial

C) a randomized study

D) an epidemiological study

an epidemiological study

A hypothesis or group of related hypotheses that have been confirmed through repeated scientific experiments is known as a(n)

A) phenomenon.

B) experiment.

C) theory.

D) fact.

theory

What common flaw has been found in research studies funded by pharmaceutical companies?

A) bias towards showing ineffectiveness of products

B) lack of transparency

C) quackery

D) over-reporting of a drug's side effects

lack of transparency

Which of the following indicates that a nutrition website may NOT be a reliable source of information?

A) list of registered dietitians who contribute to the website

B) recently updated website

C) citations to research studies published in medical journals

D) website address with a ".com" ending

website address with a ".com" ending

The American Society for Nutrition (ASN) and similar professional nutrition organizations

A) publish reliable nutrition research studies.

B) set the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs).

C) lobby the government on behalf of pharmaceutical companies.

D) sponsor the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

publish reliable nutrition research studies.

One of the earliest developments in the field of nutrition linking nutritional deficiency to illness was the discovery that eating citrus fruits prevents

A) pellagra.

B) cancer.

C) scurvy.

D) strokes.

scurvy

Which of the following is the primary link between poor nutrition and higher mortality rates?

A) cancer

B) Alzheimer's disease

C) obesity

D) iron-deficiency anemia

obesity

Funding of a research study by a company that stands to benefit from a positive assessment is an example of

A) a reporting bias.

B) transparency.

C) a conflict of interest.

D) the placebo effect.

a conflict of interest.

A blogger has written a post about the benefits of an artificial sweetener for weight loss. Which of the following would be the best evidence to support these claims?

A) recommendation from a medical doctor

B) citations to research studies published in peer-reviewed journals

C) testimonials from people who have used the sweetener

D) conclusions from a research study funded by the manufacturer of the sweetener

citations to research studies published in peer-reviewed journals

Which of the following is an example of disease that is directly caused by a nutritional deficiency?

A) pellagra

B) cancer

C) type 2 diabetes

D) heart disease

pellagra

Prevalent in the United States during the early 1900s, pellagra was first thought to be an infectious disease. Today we know that it is caused by a deficiency of

A) vitamin A.

B) iron.

C) protein.

D) niacin.

niacin

Joan's dinner contains 210 grams of carbohydrate, 60 grams of protein, and 52 grams of fat. What percent of kilocalories in this meal comes from carbohydrate?

A) 22%

B) 28%

C) 35%

D) 54%

54%

A slice of pumpkin bread contains 5 grams of fat, 40 grams of carbohydrate, and 5 grams of protein. What percent of the bread's Calories are from fat?

A) 10%

B) 20%

C) 40%

D) 75%

20%

Milk is a good source of calcium but a poor source of iron. Meat is a good source of iron but a poor source of calcium. A diet incorporating both of these foods demonstrates what characteristic of a healthful diet?

A) moderation

B) balance

C) nutrient density

D) freshness

balance

A nutrient-dense snack provides

A) all essential amino acids and at least 6 vitamins and minerals.

B) a high level of protein for a low level of saturated fat.

C) a high level of nutrients for a low number of Calories.

D) a high level of both nutrients and Calories.

a high level of nutrients for a low number of Calories.

The basic biological urge to eat when our body senses that we need food is

A) olfaction.

B) hunger.

C) appetite.

D) satiety.

hunger

The psychological desire to eat stimulated by the sight, smell, or thought of food is

A) olfaction.

B) hunger.

C) appetite.

D) satiety.

appetite

Braeden tends to eat whenever he feels bored. His boredom is an example of a(n)

A) emotional cue.

B) cultural cue.

C) biological hunger cue.

D) sensory cue.

emotional cue.

After learning about the mistreatment of animals at slaughterhouses, Laura has become a vegetarian. Her dislike for meat, which she once enjoyed, is an example of

A) conditioned taste aversion.

B) cultural conditioning.

C) internal cues.

D) social conditioning.

conditioned taste aversion.

Which of the following foods is exempt from standard food labeling regulations?

A) cereal

B) bread

C) meat

D) yogurt

meat

The information provided on a food label that identifies how much a serving of food contributes to your intake of nutrients based on 2,000 Calories a day is called the

A) ounce-equivalent.

B) Percent Daily Values.

C) Dietary Reference Intakes.

D) footnote.

Percent Daily Values.

Which of the following is NOT required on a food label?

A) net contents of the package

B) statement of identity

C) name and address of the vendor

D) taste of the food

taste of the food

The Nutrition Facts panel on a box of granola indicates that one serving contains 1 gram of saturated fat and 2 grams of unsaturated fat. The label on this product is allowed to state that it is

A) fat free.

B) low fat.

C) saturated fat free.

D) reduced Calorie.

low fat

Jack is a college athlete who requires 2,800 kilocalories a day to support his total energy needs. Even though Jack likes many different foods and makes it a point to try new things, he consumes only approximately 1,600 kilocalories a day. Which one of these characteristics of a healthful diet is Jack missing?

A) adequacy

B) balance

C) moderation

D) variety

adequacy

Suzie generally prepares the majority of meals for her family. Even though she always prepares meals that are high in nutrients, she tends to make the same meals repeatedly. Which one of these characteristics of a healthful diet is missing from Suzie's meal planning?

A) adequacy

B) balance

C) moderation

D) variety

variety

Which part of a food label is the primary tool for determining the healthfulness of the product?

A) Nutrition Facts panel

B) statement of identity

C) net contents of package

D) name and address of the manufacturer

Nutrition Facts panel

According to the USDA Food Patterns, which of the following foods is NOT a food that is considered to have empty Calories?

A) chocolate cake

B) cream cheese

C) fruit drinks

D) grapes

grapes

The amount and %DV per serving of which of the following is NOT identified on the Nutrition Facts panel?

A) sodium

B) vitamin E

C) dietary fiber

D) cholesterol

vitamin E

A set of nutrition principles developed by the USDA and the HHS to help promote health and reduce the risk of chronic disease is called

A) Food Fundamentals.

B) the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.

C) the Mediterranean Diet.

D) the DASH Diet.

the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.

The *2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans* advise that you

A) keep your intake of sodium to no more than 10% of total Calories.

B) keep your intake of cholesterol to no more than 10% of total Calories.

C) keep your intake of alcohol to no more than 10% of total Calories.

D) keep your intake of added sugars to no more than 10% of total Calories

keep your intake of added sugars to no more than 10% of total Calories

To maintain a healthful weight, the *2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans* recommend

A) engaging in recommended levels of physical activity.

B) focusing on "good" and "bad" individual foods, food groups, and nutrients.

C) strictly avoiding added sugars.

D) consuming no more than 2,000 Calories a day.

engaging in recommended levels of physical activity.

Excess sodium in the diet is linked to what disease in some individuals?

A) cancer

B) hyperactivity

C) obesity

D) high blood pressure

high blood pressure

Julie is a vegetarian—the only animal-based foods she consumes are dairy products and eggs. Which of the following statements about Julie's diet is TRUE?

A) Julie's diet is unhealthful because it lacks adequacy.

B) Julie's diet is unhealthful because it lacks variety.

C) Julie's diet is unhealthful because it lacks nutrient density.

D) Julie's diet is not necessarily unhealthful.

Julie's diet is not necessarily unhealthful.

How does MyPlate accommodate ethnic variations?

A) It includes a guide to eating out healthfully in Chinese, Indian, Italian, and Mexican restaurants.

B) It is based on the DASH diet.

C) It recommends food groups, not specific food choices.

D) It accounts for individual variances in gender and age.

It recommends food groups, not specific food choices.

MiPlato, the Spanish language version of MyPlate, recommends

A) a variety of choices from the five major food groups.

B) daily lean meat consumption.

C) beans, eggs, and cheese as primary protein sources.

D) milk, cheese, and yogurt in moderation.

a variety of choices from the five major food groups.

Which of the following is a limitation of MyPlate?

A) MyPlate does not illustrate the benefits of regular physical activity.

B) MyPlate recommends that all grains consumed should be whole grains.

C) MyPlate goes too far in encouraging individuals to consume healthier foods.

D) MyPlate fails to accommodate ethnic variations.

MyPlate does not illustrate the benefits of regular physical activity.

Which of the following would NOT be a good practice for eating out healthfully?

A) Share an entrée with a friend.

B) Order low-fat or nonfat salad dressing served on the side.

C) Order cream-based soups to increase your calcium intake.

D) Instead of a beef burger, order a chicken, fish, or veggie burger.

Order cream-based soups to increase your calcium intake.

The label on a container of cottage cheese describes it as "fat free." What is the FDA-approved requirement for this to be TRUE?

A) 1 g or less of saturated fat per serving

B) at least 25 percent less fat per serving than regular cottage cheese

C) 3 g of fat per serving

D) less than 0.5 g of fat per serving

\
less than 0.5 g of fat per serving

The statement of identity on a food label indicates the

A) common and identifiable name of the food product.

B) date, time, and location that the food product was produced.

C) name and address of the food manufacturer.

D) complete list of every ingredient contained in the food product.

common and identifiable name of the food product.

The label on a bag of potato chips indicates that one serving contains 250 Calories, with 150 Calories from fat. What percent of Calories comes from fat?

A) 25

B) 50

C) 60

D) 80

60

On a food label, "Healthful diets with adequate folate may reduce a woman's risk of having a child with a brain or spinal cord defect" is an example of an FDA-approved

A) nutrient claim.

B) health claim.

C) structure-function claim.

D) micronutrient claim.

Health claim.

On a food label, "Builds stronger bones" is an example of

A) an unregulated health claim.

B) an FDA-approved health claim.

C) an unregulated structure-function claim.

D) an FDA-approved structure-function claim.

\
an unregulated structure-function claim.

The USDA Food Patterns recommends that a healthful diet contain foods from which of the following groups?

A) carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

B) nuts and legumes, fats, and dairy

C) grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy, and protein

D) starches, meats and meat substitutes, vegetables, fruits, milk, and fats

grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy, and protein

Which of the following characteristics describes the majority of meals offered at fast-food restaurants?

A) high in Calories

B) low in total fat

C) low in sodium

D) provide fresh fruits and vegetables

high in Calories

A method for eating out healthfully is to

A) order several appetizers so that you will not eat your entire entrée when it arrives.

B) order any meat dish grilled or broiled and avoid fried or breaded meat dishes.

C) order a soft drink as your beverage so that you'll feel full.

D) eat out only when you are not especially hungry.

order any meat dish grilled or broiled and avoid fried or breaded meat dishes.

A serving size defined by the USDA Food Patterns

A) is always the same as a serving size on a food label.

B) may differ from the serving size on a food label.

C) typically matches the portions served in restaurants.

D) cannot be practically measured outside a laboratory.

may differ from the serving size on a food label.

Planning a meal that includes many different-colored foods is an example of which characteristic of a healthful diet?

A) adequacy

B) moderation

C) balance

D) variety

variety

The "supersizing" phenomenon that has become widespread over the past 30 years refers to the

A) increase in the protein content of beef.

B) substantial growth in serving sizes of purchased meals, snacks, and beverages.

C) substantial increase in the prevalence of obesity worldwide.

D) use of antibiotics to substantially increase the size of beef cattle, pigs, and chickens.

substantial growth in serving sizes of purchased meals, snacks, and beverages.

Eating the right amount of foods to maintain a healthful diet is called

A) adequacy.

B) moderation.

C) balance.

D) variety.

moderation

Serving sizes of prepared foods purchased at grocery stores and restaurants are generally

A) smaller than the USDA serving-size standards.

B) the same as USDA serving-size standards.

C) larger than USDA serving-size standards.

D) not able to be compared to USDA serving-size standards.

larger than USDA serving-size standards

The term used in the USDA Food Patterns that describes the energy derived from solid fats and/or added sugars is

A) discretionary Calories.

B) extra Calories.

C) empty Calories.

D) nutrient-poor Calories.

empty Calories.

Which of the following is a key recommendation of the USDA Food Patterns?

A) Make all your grains whole grains.

B) Eat 5 to 9 servings of vegetables a day.

C) Drink milk.

D) Go lean with protein.

Go lean with protein.

The *2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans* recommends that you

A) drink only water, milk, or 100% fruit juice.

B) follow a healthful eating pattern across the lifespan.

C) focus on consuming at least one or two nutrient-dense foods every day.

D) increase your consumption of whole foods, and limit your consumption of processed foods.

follow a healthful eating pattern across the lifespan.

Which of the following is NOT one of the recommendations of the *2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans*?

A) Avoid red meat, butter, cheese, and eggs.

B) Choose nutrient-dense foods and beverages across and within all food groups.

C) Support healthful eating patterns for everyone.

D) Consume alcohol in moderation, if at all.

Avoid red meat, butter, cheese, and eggs.