Active/Passive Transport

What is Passive Transport?

movement of substances from a high to a low concentration without energy

What is Active Transport?

energy-requiring process that moves substances against their concentration gradient (low to high)

What are the different types of passive transport?

Simple Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion

Osmosis

What are the different types of active transport?

endocytosis

exocytosis

pumps (Na/K pump)

Homeostasis

the organism’s ability to reach a constant internal environment by reaching balance/equilibrium

Electrochemical Gradient

When a chemical force (the ions’ concentration gradient) and electrical force (the effect of the membrane potential on the ions’ movement) work together to drive the diffusion of ions across the cell membrane

Function of sodium-potassium pump

3 sodium ions bind with the protein pump inside the cells

carrier protein gets energy from ATP and changes shape

sodium ions can get released

2 potassium ions are bind to the protein and the ATP will remove itself

carrier protein moves back into its shape

potassium ions move to the other side

Concentration Gradient

difference in concentration across a membrane

Diffusion

movement of molecules from a high concentration area to a low concentration

What type of transport is diffusion?

Passive Transport

Facilitated Diffusion

Diffusion that uses transport proteins to help substances cross the substance.

Osmosis

diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Protein Pump

membrane protein that uses ATP to move substances against the concentration gradient